Ortho Final KNEE

Question 1

What is the knee complex?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral joint and Patellofemoral Joint

Question 2

How many degrees of freedom is the knee?

Answer 2

2 and is a hinge joint

Question 3

The femoral condyles articulate with ____________ condyles

Answer 3

Tibial

Question 4

The femoral surface has 2 large condyles seperated by what?

Answer 4

Intercondylar Notch

Question 5

The patella includes what 2 things

Answer 5

Base
Apex

Question 6

The posterior side of the patella is covered by what?

Answer 6

Thick Articular Cartilage

Question 7

Medial Side of Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 7

more complex than lateral

Question 8

What are the frontal plane stabilizers of the patellofemoral joint?

Answer 8

Medial Retinaculum
Lateral Retinaculum
Medial Patellofemoral Lig.
Lateral Patellofemoral Lig
Infrapatellar Ligament
*Work with a knee for dynamic stabilization of the patella

Question 9

The greater the angle of flexion of the knee…..

Answer 9

the greater the compressive force on the patella by the quadriceps

Question 10

Natural lateral pull due to Q Angle. What are the norms?

Answer 10

Male: 13 (12)
Female: 17 (18)

Question 11

What can lead to poor patellar tracking?

Answer 11

Changes in alignment of bony segments
Weakness in medial knee muscles
Tightness in lateral structures

Question 12

Tests for ACL

Answer 12

Lachman
Anterior Drawer
Pivot Shift

Question 13

Tests for PCL

Answer 13

Posterior Drawer

Question 14

Test for LCL

Answer 14

Varus Test

Question 15

Test for MCL

Answer 15

Valgus Test

Question 16

Tests for Meniscus

Answer 16

McMurray
Apley Grind Test
Bounce Home test

Question 17

What test is used for Swelling

Answer 17

Ballottement Test

Question 18

Name all the Bursa in the knee

Answer 18

Suprapatellar
Pre-Patellar
Superficial Infrapatellar
Deep Infrapatellar
Pes-Anserine
MCL
Iliotibial Bursa
Gastroc-Semimembranosus Bursa (Baker’s Cyst)

Question 19

What are the common causes of bursitis?

Answer 19

Trauma
Excessive External Pressure
Excessive Friction

pain/dull ache, stiff, TTP

Question 20

What is the primary treatment focus for Bursitis?

Answer 20

pain and inflammation

Question 21

How do you restore normal patellar motion?

Answer 21

VMO strengthening
Stretch Lateral Structures
Align Foot/Ankle/Knee/Hip
Hip ABD strengthening

Question 22

What are the common areas affected by tendonitis in the lower extremity?

Answer 22

Patellar Tendon
Quad Tendon
Pes Anserine

Question 23

Quadriceps and Patellar Tendonitis usually result from what movement

Answer 23

Excessive load in jumping

Question 24

Pes Anserine tendonitis is a result from what movement?

Answer 24

Low-load repetitions like running, swimming, biking

Question 25

What muscles are stretched for pes anserine tendonitis?

Answer 25

Sartorius Hamstrings Gracilis

Question 26

What muscles do you strengthen for pes anserine tendonitis?

Answer 26

Quads Hip Abd Glute Max Ankle Invertors to improve knee alignment **Decrease medial knee stress with valgus movement

Question 27

What is Patellofemoral Pain syndrome (PFPS)

Answer 27

pain in and around the patella as a result of increased or abnormal mechanical forces between the patella and femur

Question 28

What activities increase patellar stress?

Answer 28

Jump Squat Kneeling Prolonged sitting with knee flexed Stair Climbing

Question 29

What factors affect Patellofemoral Pain Syndrom

Answer 29

Tight lateral retinaculum Tight IT band Increased q Angle Weak Vastus Medialis (VMO) Stretched Medical Retinaculum or medial Patellofemoral ligament

Question 30

Tight hamstrings make quads passively insufficient so they require what?

Answer 30

increased quad contraction

Question 31

What is chondromalacia

Answer 31

softening of articular cartilage in a GRADE 1 (aka runners knee)

Question 32

What is exposed in a GRADE 4

Answer 32

full-thickness with exposure of subchondral bone

Question 33

How do you restore or improve patellar tracking/patella compression?

Answer 33

Stretch tight lateral structures Strengthen VMO Control of Q Angle and Knee position

Question 34

How do you control q angle and knee position?

Answer 34

Minimize: foot pronation Medial Tibial/Femoral Rotation Hipp Adduction

Question 35

Surgical: Lateral Release

Answer 35

release of lateral retinaculum may include shortening medial fibers

Question 36

Surgical: Patellar Realignment

Answer 36

cutting and moving of tibial tubercle to change the angle of pull