Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 Orthodontics > Orthodontic Assessment > Flashcards

Orthodontic Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Why is orthodontic assessment carried out?

A

To determine if any malocclusion is present
Identify underlying causes to these
Decide if treatment is indicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is orthodontic assessment carried out?

A

Brief examination often at 9
Comprehensive examination when premolars and canines erupt 11-12
When older patients first present
If a malocclusion develops later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the ideal occlusion?

A

Gold standard by which occlusal irregularities and treatment may be judged
Rarely found naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Andrews 6 keys?

A

I - Molar relationship
II - Crown angulation
III - Crown inclination
IV - No rotations
V - No spaces
VI - Flat occlusal planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the molar relationship in ideal occlusion

A

The distal surface of the disto-buccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar occludes with the mesial surface of the mesio-buccal cusp of the lower second permanent molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a normal occlusion

A

More common than ideal occlusion
Have minor deviations that aren’t an aesthetic or functional problem
May requires treatment, but patient factors may influence decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give examples of conditions that are a contra-indication to orthodontic treatment

A

Allergy - Ni or Latex - rarely a problem
Epilepsy
Drugs causing gingival hyperplasia and inflammation
Imaging - cannot have if getting MRI etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What habits can influence tooth position?

A

Thumb sucking
Lower lip sucking
Tongue thrust
Chewing finger nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should be checked in an extra-oral examination?

A

Skeletal bases
Soft tissues
TMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why should the patient be compared to the parent?

A

For malocclusions and growth potential
Especially in class III malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are skeletal bases important?

A

Slight movement in skeletal bases can result in malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you clinically assess APs

A

Visual assessment
Palpate skeletal bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a Class I occlusion in AP skeletal assessment

A

Maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a class II occlusion in AP skeletal assessment

A

Maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe a class III occlusion in AP skeletal assessment

A

Mandible in front of maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe an average vertical skeletal assessment

A

Frankfort and mandibular planes meet at the back of the head

17
Q

How may vertical assessment conclude?

A

Average
Increased FMPA angle
Reduced FMPA angle
(Frankfort - Mandibular Plane Angle)

18
Q

How is lateral skeletal assessment carried out?

A

Mid sagittal reference line

19
Q

How may soft tissues influence tooth position?

A

Lips - competent/incompetent, lower lip level, lower lip activity
Tongue - position, habitual and swallowing
Habits - thumb, digit sucking
Speech - lisping

20
Q

What are competent lips?

A

Lips that meet at rest with a relaxed mentalis muscle

21
Q

What does a lip trap do

A

May procline upper incisors
May lead to relapse of overjet if persists at the end of treatment

22
Q

Describe a hyperactive lower lip

A

May retrocline lower incisors
INdicates likely instability at end of treatment

23
Q

How can tongue position affect swallowing?

A

Tongue thrust on swallowing can be associated with an anterior open bite
Can be endogenous or adaptive
May cause repulse of AOB at the end of treatment if endogenous

24
Q

What are the occlusal features of a sucking habit?

A

Proclined ion of upper anteriors
Retroclination of lower anteriors
Localised AOB or incomplete OB
Narrow upper arch may lead to a unilateral posterior crossbite

25
Q

What should be checked for in TMJ examination?

A

Mandibular displacement
Discrepancy in RCP and ICP

26
Q

What should be checked in an intra-oral examination?

A

Oral hygiene and periodontal health
Count the teeth from the back
Teeth of poor prognosis
Assess crowding/spacing/rotations
Assess inclination and angulation
Palpate for canines if not erupted
Note teeth of abnormal shape/size

27
Q

What are the main checks of an intra-oral examination?

A

Teeth present
Oral hygiene
Quality of teeth

28
Q

What should be checked in the lower arch?

A

Degree of crowding
Presence of rotations
Inclination of canines - mesial, upright, distal
Angulation of incisors to mandibular plane - upright, proclined, retroclined

29
Q

What should be checked in the upper arch?

A

Degree of crowding
Presence of rotations
Inclination of canines - mesial, upright, distal
Angulation of incisors to Frankfort plane - upright, proclined, retroclined

30
Q

Describe the normal angulation of incisors to Frankfort plane

A

Frankfort plane to long axis of upper incisor is about 110º

31
Q

What should be checked while teeth are in occlusion?

A

Incisor relationship
Overjet
Overbite/open bite
Molar relationship
Canine relationship
Cross bites
Centre lines

32
Q

What are the different classes of incisor relationship?

A

Class I
Class II div 1
Class II div 2
Class III
Overjet, overbite, centrelines

33
Q

What is incisor relationship class I?

A

The lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

34
Q

What is incisor relationship class II?

A

The lower incisors edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors

35
Q

What is incisor relationship class II div 1?

A

The upper incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet

36
Q

What is incisor relationship class II div 2?

A

The upper central incisors are retroclined
The overjet is usually minimal or may be increased

37
Q

What is incisor relationship class III?

A

The lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
The overjet is reduced or reversed

38
Q

What radiographs are commonly taken in orthodontic assessment?

A

OPT
Maxillary anterior occlusal
Lateral cephalogram

39
Q

What other special investigations may be taken?

A

Vitality tests
Study models
Photographs

3 Orthodontics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions