Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dentistry Module 8 > Orthognathic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthognathic Surgery Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does orthognathic mean?

A

Straight jaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define, “facial and dental disproportions severe enough to be handicapping in function and/or social acceptability”

A

Dento-facial deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy indications for orthognathic surgery?

A

Skeletal base of class 2 or 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the vertical skeletal discrepancy indications for orthognathic surgery?

A
  • Open bite
  • deep bite
  • vertical maxillary excess (VME)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is VME?

A

“A condition where the maxilla has grown excessively in the vertical direction, resulting in a longer lower face and often a “gummy smile””

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the lateral skeletal discrepancy indications for orthognathic surgery?

A
  • crossbites
  • asymmetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 5 factors should be considered in case selection for orthognathic surgery?

A
  1. Psychological status
  2. Family support
  3. Dental health
  4. Cooperation
  5. Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 7 stages of treatment process for orthognathic surgery?

A
  1. Referral
  2. Assessment & diagnosis
  3. Joint clinic
  4. Pre-surgical orthodontics
  5. Orthognathic surgery
  6. Post-surgical orthodontics
  7. Retainers/review
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If GDP feels a patient may be suitable for orthognathic surgery, where should they be referred to?

A

Orthodontics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What radiograohs may be taken to assess a patient prior to orthognathic surgery?

A
  1. DPT
  2. Intra-orals
  3. Cephalometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What special tests are required as part of assessment and diagnosis prior to orthognathic surgery?

A
  1. Radiographs
  2. Study models
  3. Clinical photography
  4. Other imaging (e.g. CT,CBCT, technetium radioisotope scan)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are study models needed for assessment prior to orthognathic surgery?

A
  1. To assess occlusion following surgery
  2. Space assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why might other imaging such as CT, CBCT or technetium radioisotope scan be required as part of assessment and diagnosis stage prior to orthognathic surgery?

A

To assess for condylar destruction/hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of orthognathic patients have psychologic distress or psychiatric disorders?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is BMI taken into consideration prior to orthognathic surgery?

A

There is a cut off of BMI 30 due to higher risk of death when being anaesthetised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is pre-surgical orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances essential prior to orthognathic surgery?

A

So that teeth occlude properly at the time of surgery. Fixed appliances allow for alignment, decompensation and coordination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define, correction of crowding, spacing and rotations.

A

Alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is dental compensation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Where the teeth and surrounding tissues compensate for skeletal discrepancies by changing position, inclination or arch dimensions to reach as close to a class 1 skeletal base as possible.

19
Q

How does dental compensation present in a class 2 skeletal pattern?

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper incisors will retrocline whilst lower incisors procline

20
Q

How does dental compensation present in a class 3 skeletal pattern?

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper incisors will procline and lower incisors will retrocline

21
Q

How can decompensation be carried out for class 2 skeletal pattern?

Study These Flashcards
A

PROCLINE retroclined upper incisors
RETROCLINE procline lower incisors

22
Q

How can decompensation be carried out for class 3 skeletal pattern?

Study These Flashcards
A

RETROCLINE procline upper incisors
PROCLINE retroclined lower incisors

23
Q

What dictates whether extractions are needed prior to orthognathic surgery?

Study These Flashcards
A

Degree of crowding, and decompensation required.

24
Q

What teeth are often extracted in cases of class 2 skeletal discrepancy, so to allow decompensation or alignment prior to orthognathic surgery?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lower premolars

25
What teeth are often extracted in cases of class 3 skeletal discrepancy, so to allow decompensation or alignment prior to orthognathic surgery?
Upper premolars
26
What does coordination ensure as part if pre-surgical orthodontic treatment?
That occlusion is planned with no cross-bites and arches are expanded or contracted if required.
27
What are the 3 purposes of model surgery (articulated casts where surgery can be planned)?
1. To determine post-surgery occlusion 2. To measure surgical movements 3. For wafer manufacture
28
Why are impressions taken prior to orthognathic surgery?
1. For model surgery 2. To create acrylic wafer which can be used as an occlusal splint template for surgery
29
What type of anaesthesia is used for orthognathic surgery?
Endotracheal anaesthesia
30
How long does single orthognathic jaw surgery take?
2-3 hours
31
How long does Bimaxillary orthognathic jaw surgery take?
4-5 hours
32
What type of le Fort fracture osteotomy is used in orthognathic surgery of the maxilla?
Le Fort 1 osteotomy
33
What type of osteotomy is most commonly used for orthognathic surgery of the mandible?
Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO)
34
Describe the BSSO procedure in 2 steps.
1. Mandible is cut from medial aspect, along the oblique ridge down the inferior border. 2. Mandible moved forward or backwards as needed and fixation plate placed.
35
What is a genioplasty?
Orthognathic surgery used to realign the chin in order to correct asymmetry
36
Describe the genioplasty procedure in 3 steps.
1. Mucoperiosteal flap raised from second premolar on one side to second premolar on the other side (5-5). 2. Tissue is striped away until mental nerves are exposed 3. Surgical drill/saw is used to resection the chin and then plates are placed once chin is repositioned.
37
Why is post-surgical orthodontics started early after orthognathic surgery?
Because there is an increase in cytokines at the surgical site during the healing period, and this will allow any further orthodontic correction to be speeded up at this point in treatment.
38
How is immediate post-surgical orthodontics carried out?
Any minor discrepancies are corrected using elastics placed to guide occlusion into the best position.
39
How long is a patient monitored for post-surgery?
2 years
40
What are 5 early complications that can arise from orthognathic surgery?
1. Bruising 2. Swelling 3. Pain 4. Feeding issues 5. Infection
41
What is a common intermediate complication that can arise from orthognathic surgery?
Temporary numbness in the lips, palate and tongue.
42
What are 5 late complications that can arise from orthognathic surgery?
1. Prolonged numbness 2. Relapse (partial/total) 3. Infected screw/plate 4. Speech problems 5. TMD
43
What percentage of orthognathic surgery patients may suffer from prolonged numbness following surgery due to damage of IAN?
10%

Dentistry Module 8 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions