orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus

Question 1

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

2 types of glycoprotein

Answer 1

hemagluttinin activity

neuraminidase activity

Question 2

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

Anchoring the bases of each spikes on the inside of the viral lipid
bilayer are membrane proteins___

Answer 2

M proteins

Question 3

Can attach to host sialic acid receptors

Answer 3

hemagluttinin

Question 4

• important component of mucin, the substance
  covering mucosal epithelial cells
• Form an integral part of the host’s upper respiratory
  defense barrier

Answer 4

Neuraminic acid

Question 5

• Mucin disruption

- Expose sialic acid binding sites

Answer 5

neuraminidase

Question 6

3 types of influenza virus

Answer 6

o Influenza A - humans, mammals, birds
o Influenza B - Humans
o Influenza C - Humans

Question 7

▪ During viral replication, mutations can occur in
the HA or NA, leading to change in the antigenic
nature of these glycoproteins.
▪ The resulting new strains are only partially
attacked by our immune system, resulting in
milder disease in adults who have previously
acquired antibodies.

Answer 7

antigenic drift

Question 8

▪ Complete change of HA/NA or both
▪ Can only occur with the influenza A because the
mechanism involves the trading of RNA segments
between animal and human strain.

Answer 8

antigenic shift

Question 9

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

MOT

Answer 9

1. Transmission mainly person to person by sneezing, coughing,
   or simply talking.
2. Influenza can also be transmitted by saliva, nasal secretions,
   feces and blood.

Question 10

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

complication

Answer 10

o Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections
o Reye’s Syndrome
▪ Aspirin given to children, severe liver damage and brain damage
▪ Instead, give acetaminophen

Question 11

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

dx

Answer 11

1. Viral culture
2. Detection of Viral Proteins
3. PCR- very sensitive method
4. Serology- 4x increase in sera for 2 weeks

Question 12

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

tx

Answer 12

1. Amantadine & Rimantidine- prevent viral uncoating

2. Sanamavir & Oseltamivir- NA Inhibitors

Question 13

paramyxo difference with orthomyxo

Answer 13

1. The (-) stranded RNA is in a single strand NOT segmented.
2. HA and NA are part of the same glycoprotein spike NOT 2 different spikes.
3. Has a FUSION PROTEIN, that cause the infected cells to fuse together into multinucleated giant cells.

Question 14

Paramyxoviridae
Parainfluenza virus

clinical findings:
clue=UVCB

Answer 14

o URTI in Adults
▪ Bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
o Viral pneumonia
▪ (type 3) in children, elderly, immunocompromised
o CROUP/Laryngotracheobronchitis
▪ (types 1 and 2), swelling, airway narrowing
▪ Stridor/ Barking cough
o Bronchiolitis
▪ Type 3

Question 15

Paramyxoviridae
RSV

no HA/NA activity. t/f

Answer 15

t

Question 16

Paramyxoviridae
RSV

clin findings:
clue=PA

Answer 16

o Pneumonia
▪ MCC of Pneumonia in infants <6mos
o Acute Otitis Media

Question 17

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

susceptible to what antibiotic

Answer 17

ribavirin

Question 18

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

Rapidly inactivated by chemical agents, heat and ultraviolet light. t/f

Answer 18

t

Question 19

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

clin findings:
clue=PTIM

Answer 19

o Parotid gland swelling
o Testicular inflammation
o Meningitis
o Inflammation

Question 20

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

IP

Answer 20

14-18days

Question 21

mumps:
o Nonspecific prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise and myalgia
o Parotitis in 30%-40%.
t/f

Answer 21

t

Question 22

May present as lower respiratory illness, particularly in preschool-aged children

Answer 22

mumps

Question 23

Acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender, self-limited swelling of the parotid or other salivary gland lasting >2 days without other apparent cause

Answer 23

mumps

Question 24

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

complications

Answer 24

o CNS involvement- 15% of clinical cases
o Orchitis- 20%-50% of post-pubertal males
o Pancreatitis- 2%-5%
o Deafness- 1/20,000
o Death- 1-3/10,000

Question 25

Paramyxoviridae mumps virus lab dx

Answer 25

isol of mumps virus sero testing - (+) IgM - increased IgG b/w acute and convalescent

Question 26

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola clin findings: o_____- ▪ High fever, hacking cough, conjunctivitis o ____- ▪ Small, red-based, blue white centered lesions in the mouth o ___- ▪ Cephalocaudal, as it progresses, it coalesces

Answer 26

Prodrome Koplik spots Rash

Question 27

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola complications

Answer 27

o Pneumonia, eye damage, myocarditis, encephalitis o IUFD o SSPE

Question 28

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola IP

Answer 28

▪ 9 to 10 days to onset of 1st symptoms | ▪ Rash occurs 14 days after exposure

Question 29

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola Prodrome: clue=f ,3cs, 4th "c",p

Answer 29

▪ Fever, 3C’s: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis ▪ 4th “C”: Koplik’s spots ▪ Photophobia

Question 30

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola clin features:

Answer 30

▪ Exanthem: Maculopapular confluent ▪ 2-4 days after prodrome, 14 days after exposure ▪ Begins on face and head, behind the ear ▪ Persists 5-6 days ▪ Fades in order of appearance ▪ Hyperpigmentation ▪ Brawny desquamation

Question 31

▪ Koplik’s spots | ▪ Appear 1-2 days after onset of symptoms

Answer 31

enanthem

Question 32

Paramyxoviridae Rubeola complications

Answer 32

▪ Persistence of high-grade fever beyond the 4th day of rash ▪ Pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza ▪ Otitis media ▪ Laryngitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis ▪ Bacterial pharyngitis ▪ Other complications: Tuberculosis, progression of course and inactivates latent infection, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Encephalitis, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Question 33

Measles vaccine for the Filipino Infant: o 1st dose: 9 mos (as early as 6 mos of age) o 2nd dose: as MMR 15 months (12 months if measles was given at 6mos old) o 3rd dose: as MMR 4 to 6 yrs old (If not given, catch up during adolescent years); 2nd dose as early as 4 weeks after the first dose t/f

Answer 33

t

Question 34

measles(Rubeola): Patients are contagious from 1 to 2 days before the onset of symptoms (3 to 5 days before the rash) to 4 days after appearance of the rash t/f

Answer 34

t