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Med & Surg test 3 > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

1.

7 year old is being seen at an orthopeadics outpatient clinic for assessment of a limb length
discrepancy. She has a history of acute osteomyelitis that was difficult to treat. Which regarding
osteo is not correct.
a) It usually occurs in children under 10 years of age
b) Immune compromise (HIV-related) may increase susceptibility to the condition
c) The condition is more common in girls
d) Appropriate antimicrobial therapy has decreased mortality to lt:1%

A

C

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2
Q

Regarding pathogenesis of acute osteomyelitis is not correct
a) The metaphyseal part of the bone was likely affected in this case
b) Rapid circulation and flow of blood in the affected region plays an important role in
development of acute osteomyelitis
c) There is limited ability to phagocytose organisms in the affected region
d) Infection may spread causing abscess and/or a sinus tract

A

B

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3
Q

Following organisms would not likely be in acute osteomyelitis
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Streptococcus
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Staphylococcus

A

A

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4
Q

Which one of the following test results would not be likely in acute osteomyelitis
a) High erythrocyte sedimentation rate
b) Low circulating level of C reactive protein
c) Raised white cell count
d) Normal x-ray during the first week of presentation with the condition

A

B

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5
Q

Not be likely at the time of presentation
a) Reluctance to bear weight
b) Fever
c) Cellulitis
d) Pseudo-paralysis

A

C

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6
Q

A woman has been referred to the orthopaedic surgeons hand clinic for assessment of pain that is
interfering with her ability to work. The possibilities appear to be carpal tunnel syndrome or rheumatoid
arthritis. If this is rheumatoid arthritis which statement is not correct?
a) one would investigate for bone loss in the hands
b) tendon rupture is a possibility
c) ligament rupture is a possibility
d) there would be ulnar deviation of the wrist and radial deviation of the fingers

A

D

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome?
a) Diabetes
b) Gout
c) hyperthyroidism

A

C

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8
Q

Regarding CTS is not correct
a) the syndrome involved 5 tendons and the median nerve
b) CTS is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome
c) Presentation may be associated with water retention during pregnancy
d) CTS may be a manifestation of inflammatory synovitis

A

A

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9
Q

Symptoms of CTS is not correct
a) Pain is experienced after an activity such as knitting
b) There is tingling in the regions innervated by the median nerve
c) The 5th finger is usually affected
d) the tinel sign involves pressure or tapping on the median nerve

A

C

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10
Q

Regarding CTS is not correct
a) The condition is unlikely to respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
b) splinting may be a useful form of conservative treatment
c) specific treatment for a related medical condition may relieve symptoms
d) cortisone injections may be helpful

A

A

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11
Q

you are attending a foot clinic and discussing a patient who has been diagnosed with plantar fasciitis
(PF), which is not correct
a) The plantar fasciitis is the principal static and dynamic stabilizer of the longitudinal arch of the foot
b) The fascia acts a shock absorber
c) PF is an indication of chronic inflammation
d) PF is caused by the formation of a calcaneal spur

A

D

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12
Q

Not a typical feature of PF?
a) Swelling
b) Antalgic gait (shortened stance, phase vs swing phase)
c) Pain is relieved by standing on tiptoes
d) First steps after inactivity are the most painful

A

C

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13
Q

Regarding aetiology of PF is not correct
a) PF is associated with obesity
b) A lax Achilles tendon results in excessive action of the plantar fascia
c) excessive foot pronation may play a role
d) repetitive mirco-tearing of the fascia may occur

A

B

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14
Q

Not included in the differential diagnosis of PF
A) Tarsal tunnel syndrome
b) hypertrophic heel fat pad
c) tibialis posterior tendonitis
d) stress fracture

A

B

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15
Q

Regarding management of PF is not correct
a) Both steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used
b) Stretching of the achillies tendon should be avoided
c) Ice and heat may both be helpful
d) Botulinum toxin may be helpful

A

B

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16
Q

1.What would you expect to see when performing a lab investigation for a patient with
acute osteomyelitis?
A) Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B) Increased C- reactive protein
C) Decreased white cell count.

A

B

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17
Q

Upon an X ray for a patient diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis you would NOT,
see?
A) Areas of reduced bone
B) Loss of normal architecture
C) Sequestrum
D) Areas of sclerosis

A

A

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18
Q

What spinal deformity is also referred to as “swimmers back”?
A) Lordosis
B) Scoliosis
C) Kyphosis

A

C

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19
Q

Which RADIOLOGICAL finding is NOT associated with osteoarthritis?
A) Increased osteophytes
B) Increased joint space
C) Sclerosis
D) Subchondral cysts

A

C

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of joint TB?
A) Pain
B) Increased movement
C) Swelling
D) Synovial thickening

A

B

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21
Q

Which ligament does NOT make up the hip capsule? - Abigail Skinner
A) Iliofemoral ligament
B) Ischiofemoral ligament
C) Inguinal ligament
D) Pubofemoral ligament

A

C

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of osteoarthritis?
A) Decreased age
B) Obesity
C) Genetics
D) Joint injury

A

A

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a form of conservative management for knee
osteoarthritis?
A) Activity modification
B) Assistive devices
C) Osteotomy
D) NSAIDs

A

C

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a local factor influencing bone healing?
A) Vascular injury
B) Degree of immobilisation
C) Nerve function
D) Degree of bone loss

A

C

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a tear/ injury to the meniscus
A) Bucket handle
B) Radial
C) Fish mouth
D) Dog mouth

A

D

26
Q

Which of the following is an example of a traumatic disorder/ injury
A) Tennis elbow
B) Golfers elbow
C) Jersey finger
D) Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

C

27
Q

Which one of the following is NOT an example of a Traumatic Injury
A) Rotator cuff syndrome
B) Montaggia and Galeazzi fracture dislocation
C) Scaphoid fracture
D) Bennetts fracture

A

A

28
Q

earliest radiological change seen in a case of acute osteomyelitis is?
A) Bony sclerosis
B) Loss of plane between soft tissues and muscles
C) Periosteal reaction
D) Sequestrum formation

A

B

29
Q

A 40 years old tailor complains of pain, numbness and weakness of the right hand
for the last three months. On examination, there is hypoesthesia and atrophy of the
thenar eminence. Which one of the following nerves is likely to be involved?
A) Ulnar
B) Radial
C) Axillary
D) Median

A

D

30
Q

In Rheumatoid hand, the classical deformity seen is?
A) Mallet finger
B) Swan neck finger
C) Trigger finger
D) None of the above

A

B

31
Q

A 27-year old male presents with pain and tenderness over the lateral condyle of
humerus and complains of difficulty lifting weights away from the body. This
presentation is indicative of?
A) Golfer’s elbow
B) Tennis elbow
C) Pitcher’s elbow
D) Monteggia fracture

A

B

32
Q

Which of the statements regarding osteomyelitis is not correct?
A) Acute osteomyelitis is typically caused by bacterial infection.
B) Common symptoms include fever, pain, and swelling in the affected bone.
C) Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
D) Chronic osteomyelitis usually resolves on its own without medical intervention.

A

D

33
Q

Which one of the following would not be likely in osteomyelitis?-Zahraa Patel
A) Staphylococcus
B) Streptococcus
C) Candida
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

D

34
Q

What is one is not a complication of osteoarthritis
A) Joint deformities
B) Decreased joint function
C) Improved quality of life
D) Increased chronic pain

A

C

35
Q

What are the possible causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
A) Genetic factors only
B) Environmental factors only
C) Immunological factors only
D) Combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors

A

D

36
Q

Which type of drugs target specific immune system components
involved in RA inflammation?
A) Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
B) Biologic Agents
C) Corticosteroids
D) Methotrexate

A

B

37
Q

What is the purpose of using corticosteroids in the management of
Rheumatoid Arthritis?
A) To reduce inflammation during disease flares
B) To target specific immune system components
C) To modify the disease progression
D) To provide long-term relief from symptoms

A

A

38
Q

Which of the following conditions can contribute to the development of
osteonecrosis?
A) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B) HIV
C) Sickle cell disease
D) All of the above

A

D

39
Q

Which factor does not contribute to chronic ankle instability?
A) Pathologic laxity
B) Impaired postural control
C) Good strength of surrounding musculature
D) Impaired neuromuscular control

A

C

40
Q

What is the management of a lateral ligament ankle injury week 6 post-injury?
A) Endurance training
B) PRICE protocol
C) Sport-specific drills
D) Motion and strength training

A

D

41
Q

What is not a result of using cast immobilisation for management of an ankle
injury?
A) Improved joint function
B) Cartilage atrophy
C) Decreased ligament strength
D) Osteoporosis

A

A

42
Q

What are the apophyseal joints?
A) Articulations
B) Vertebral articulations
C) Articulations which are fully encapsulated synovial joints
D) Spinal canal

A

C

43
Q

Which ligament is found on the posterior aspect of the hip joint and limits
excessive extension and internal rotation?
A) Iliofemoral ligament
B) Ligamentum teres
C) Transverse acetabular ligament
D) Ischiofemoral ligament

A

D

44
Q

Greenstick fracture/s
A) Primarily occur in the elderly
B) Do not occur in children
C) Is a spiral fracture of tubular bone
D) Is a fracture where part of the cortex remains in tact and part is cracked

A

D

45
Q

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?
A) Debridement and sequestrectomy
B) Lautenbach irrigation
C) Splintage and analgesia

A

D

46
Q

Which of the following muscles are NOT attached to the greater trochanter?
A) Gluteus minimus and medius
B) Iliopsoas
C) Vastus lateralis
D) Gluteus maximus

A

B

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause for osteoarthritis?
A) Chronic inflammation
B) Genetics
C) Obesity
D) Joint injury

A

A

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of osteoarthritis?
A) Joint stiffness
B) Grating sensation
C) Swelling
D) Radiological symptoms like increase in temperature.

A

D

49
Q

Which of the following are not types of incomplete fractures?
A) Greenstick
B) Comminuted
C) Buckle
D) Compression

A

B

50
Q

What is the correct order of bone healing?
A) callus formation, tissue death and haematoma, inflammation and cellular proliferation
B) Inflammation and cellular proliferation, consolidation, callus formation
C) Tissue death and haematoma, remodelling, callus formation
D) Tissue death and haematoma, inflammation and cellular proliferation, callus
formation

A

D

51
Q

Mr Smith is a 28 year old male who sustained an ankle injury while playing
football. You are performing a clinical examination of this patient. Which of the
following clinical exams is not included when assessing an ankle injury?
A) Dorsalis pedis pulse
B) Muscle strength testing
C) Lachman’s test
D) Talar tilt test

A

C

52
Q

Which of the following is NOT a management of acute osteomyelitis?
A) Oral antibiotics
B) Surgical drainage
C) Analgesia
D) Bone graft

A

D

53
Q

Which of the following regarding carpal tunnel syndrome is INCORRECT?
A) It is the most common nerve entrapment
B) Surgery can be done if there is failure of conservative treatment
C) Phalen test is positive and Tinnel sign is negative
D) Rheumatoid arthritis is a risk factor

A

C

54
Q

Which of the following fractures is NOT regarded as a complete fracture?
A) Impacted
B) Spiral
C) Transverse
D) Greenstick

A

D

55
Q

Which of the following is not a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?
A) Tingling in the median nerve area
B) Decreased sensation of the areas innervated by the median nerve
C) Wasting of the thenar muscles
D) Pain and tenderness on the lateral aspect of the elbow

A

D

56
Q
A

Med & Surg test 3 (1 decks)

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