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orthopaedics Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

salter harris fractures TYPE II,IV, V

A

cross the epiphseal plate

TX: open reduction, internal fixation

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2
Q

Salter harris fx TYPE I and II

A

TX closed reduction

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3
Q

fractures associated with AVN

A

schaphoid, femoral neck, talus

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4
Q

fractures associated with nonunion

A

clavicle, 5th metatarsal (Jones fx)

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5
Q

fractures associated with compartment syndrome

A

supracondylar humerus and tibia

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6
Q

biggest risk factor for nonunion

A

smoking

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7
Q

obturator nerve

A

hip adduction

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8
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

hip abduction

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9
Q

inferior guteal nerve

A

hip extension

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A

knee extension

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11
Q

lumbar disc herniation

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

L3 nerve compression

A

weak hip flexion

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13
Q

L4 nerve compression

A

weak knee extension (quadriceps), weak patellar reflex

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14
Q

L5 nerve compression

A

weak dorsiflexion (foot drop), decreased sensation in big toe web space

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15
Q

S1 nerve compression

A

weak plantar flexion, weak achilles reflex, decreased sensation in lateral foot

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16
Q

ulnar nerve`- motor

A

intrinsic musculature of hand (palmar interosssei, palmaris brevis, adductor pollicis, and hypothenar eminence) finger abduction, wrist flexion
injury - claw hand

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17
Q

ulnar nerve - sensory

A

back of hand, all of 5th and 1/2 4th

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18
Q

Median nerve motor

A

thumb apposition (OK sign), thumb abduction and finger flexors

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19
Q

median nerve sensory

A

most of palm 1st and 3 1/2 fingers palm

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20
Q

radial nerve motor

A

wrist extension, finger extension, thumb extension, and triceps no hands muscle

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21
Q

radial nerve sensory

A

1st and 3 1/2 fingers on dorsal side

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22
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

motor to biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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23
Q

axillary nerve

A

motor to deltoid (aBduction)

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24
Q

C5 nerve decompression

A

weal deltoid and biceps

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25
C6 nerve compression
weak deltoid and biceps, weak wrist extensors and brachioradialis reflex
26
C7 nerve compression
weak triceps
27
C8 nerve compression
weak triceps, weak intrinsic muscles of hand and wrist flexion
28
Radial nerve from
C5-C8
29
ulnar nerve from
C6-T1
30
musculocutaneous nerve from
C5-C7
31
axillary nerve from
C5-C6
32
anterior shoulder dislocation nerve compression
axillary nerve | TX closed reduction
33
posterior shoulder dislocation
can happen with seizures, electrocution axillary artery injury TX closed reduction
34
monteggia fracture
proximal ulnar fracture and radial head dislocation
35
colles fracture
fall on outstretched hand, distal radius fx | TX closed reduction
36
nursemaids elbow
subluxation of radius at the elboz caused by a pulling on an extended, pronated arm TX closed reduction
37
scaphoid fracture
snuffbox tenderness TX cast to elbow, may need fixation risk of avascular necrosis
38
volkmanns fracture
supracondylar humerus fracture occludes anterior interosseous artery TX closed reduction of humerus- can lead to reperfusion injury, edema, and forearm compartment syndrome TX with fasciotomy
39
dupuytrens contracture
progressive proliferation of the palmar fascia of hand results on contractures that usually affect the 4th and 5th digits (can not extend fingers) - associated with diabetes, ETIOH - TX NSAIDs, steroid injections, excision
40
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve compression by transverse carpal ligament | TX splint NSAIDS steroid injections, carpal ligament release
41
trigger finger
tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon that catches at the MCP joint when trying t extend finger
42
suppurative tenosynovitis
infections that spread along the flexor tendon sheaths. - 4 classic signs: tendon sheath tenderness, pain with passive motion. swelling along sheath and semiflexed posture pf the involved digit. TX elevation splinting and antibiotics, I&D
43
rotator cuff tears
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor and subscapularis
44
forearm fasciotmies
need to open volar and dorsal compartments
45
paronychia
infection under nail bed, painful | TX antibiotics, remove nail if purulent
46
felon
infection in the terminal joint space of the finger | TX incision over the tip ans along medial and lateral aspects to prevent necrosis of tip of finger
47
posterior hip dislocation
internal rotation and adduction of leg; risk of sciatic nerve injury TX closed reduction
48
anterior hip dislocation
external rotation and abduction of leg; risk of injury to femoral artery TX closed reduction
49
posterior knee dislocation
all patients need angiogram to rule out popliteal artery injury
50
footdrop after lithotomy positoin
common peroneal nerver
51
anterior leg compartment
anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve | anterior tibilains, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and communis
52
lateral
superficial peroneal nerve
53
deep posterior
posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery and tibial nerve | flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and posterior tibialis
54
superficial posterior
sural nerve | gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
55
compartment syndrom of leg
most likely to occur in the anterior compartment of leg (get foot drop) after vascular compromise
56
compartment syndrom
distal pulses last thing to go pain with passive motion pressure > 20-30 HG abdnormal
57
osteomyelitis
most common - STAPH | sxs: pain, decreased use of extremity
58
idiopathic adolescent scolisosis
prepubertal females, right thoracic curve most common Curves> 20-45 need brace curves > 45 spinal fusion
59
osgood-schlatter disease
tibial tubercle apophysitis (pain in front of knee) traction injury from quadriceps. TX: rest vs cast
60
legg - calve perthes disease
AVN of femoral head painful gait with limp XRay flattening of the femoral head
61
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
males, fat, increased risk of AVN | TX pin
62
congenital dislocation of the hip
TX pavlik harness, keep legs abducted and the femoral head reduced in the acteabulum
63
multiple myeloma
most common primary malignant tumor of bone | TX chemotherapy
64
osteogenic sarcoma
most common primary bone sarcoma 80% in pts < 20 yro XRAY: codmans triangle --> periosteal rxn
65
giant cell tumor of bone
total resection + XRT
66
spondylolisthesis
formed by subluxation or slip of one vertebral body over another most common occurs in lumbar region

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