Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

7 - CLET Lab > Orthopedic Diagnosis: Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Orthopedic Diagnosis: Upper Extremities Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Posterior Apprehension Test

A
  • Positive: Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain
    • Indicates: Chronic posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Test

A
  • Positive: Excessive gapping and pain
    • Indicates: Medial collateral ligament tear and/or instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Speed Test

A
  • Positive: Pain and/or tenderness in the bicipital groove
    • Indicates: Bicipital tendinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Golfer Elbow Test

A
  • Positive: Pain over the medial epicondyle
    • Indicates: Medial epicondylitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dawbarn Test

A
  • Positive: Decrease in pain and/or tenderness
    • Indicates: Subacromial bursitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

E.A.S.T.

A
  • Positive: Ischemic pain, heaviness of the arms, or numbness and tingling of the hand
    • Indicates: Thoracic outlet syndrome on the side involved (Evans considers this test to be most accurate for thoracic outlet syndrome evaluation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

L’Hermitte Sign

A
  • Positive: Electric shock-like sensations down the spine and/or through extremities
    • Indicates: Dural irritation, severe spinal cord injury or degeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Costoclavicular Maneuver

A
  • Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor
    • Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle between clavicle and 1st rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apley Scratch Superior

A
  • Positive: Exacerbation of pain
    • Indicates: Degenerative tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

O’Donoghue Maneuver of the Elbow

A
  1. Elbow Flexion
  2. Elbow Extension
  3. Forearm Supination
  4. Forearm Pronation
  5. Positive: Pain during passive range of motion
    • Indicates: Ligamentous sprain (passive range of motion stresses ligaments)
  6. Positive: Pain during resisted range of motion
    • Indicates: Muscle/tendon strain (active range of motion stresses muscles and tendons)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schepelmann Sign

A
  1. Positive: Pain on the concave side
    • Indicates: Intercostal neuritis
  2. Positive: Pain on the convex side
    • Indicates: Fibrous inflammation of the pleura (or possible intercostal myofascitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reverse Phalen Sign

A
  • Positive: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd and the lateral ½ of the 4th digit)
    • Indicates: Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Impingement Sign

A
  • Positive: Pain in the shoulder
    • Indicates: Overuse injury to the supraspinatus and possibly biceps tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Retinacular Test

A
  1. Positive: Flexion of the distal interphanageal joint cannot be achieved
    • Indicates: Joint capsule contracture
  2. Positive: Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint is achieved
    • Indicates: Tight retinacular ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scalenus Anticus Test

A
  • Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor
    • Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle by scalenus anticus or cervical rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eden Test

A
  • Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor
    • Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle between clavicle and 1st rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abbott-Saunders Test

A
  • Positive: Palpable and/or audible click
    • Indicates: Subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon due to a rupture of the transverse humeral ligament or tendon subluxation beneath the subscapularis muscle belly/tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Codman Drop Arm Test

A
  • Positive: Patient will not be able to lower arm slowly or the arm drops suddenly
    • Indicates: Rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tinel Elbow Sign

A
  • Positive: Pain and/or tenderness at the site being tapped and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution area (finger 4, 5)
    • Indicates: Neuroma of the ulnar nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Elevated Arm Stress Test

A
  • Positive: Ischemic pain, heaviness of the arms, or numbness and tingling of the hand
    • Indicates: Thoracic outlet syndrome on the side involved (Evans considers this test to be most accurate for thoracic outlet syndrome evaluation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

O’Donoghue Manuever of the Cervical Spine

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Lateral Left Bending
  4. Lateral Right Bending
  5. Left Rotation
  6. Right Rotation
  7. Positive: Pain during passive range of motion
    • Indicates: Ligamentous sprain (passive range of motion stresses ligaments)
  8. Positive: Pain during resisted range of motion
    • Indicates: Muscle/tendon strain (active range of motion stresses muscles and tendons)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Apley Scratch Inferior

A
  • Positive: Exacerbation of pain
    • Indicates: Degenerative tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mills Maneuver

A
  • Positive: Pain over the lateral epicondyle
    • Indicates: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Beevor Sign

A
  1. Positive: Superior movement of the umbilicus
    • Indicates: Spinal cord lesion at the level of T11-T12 or lower abdominal weakness
  2. Positive: Inferior movement of the umbilicus
    • Indicates: Nerve root involvement T7-T10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Soto-Hall Sign
* Positive: Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2 * Indicates: Non-specific test for structural integrity of the cervical region
26
Yergason Test
1. Positive: Localized pain and/or tenderness at the bicipital groove * Indicates: Bicipital tendinitis 2. Positive: Audible click or the biceps tendon subluxes or dislocates * Indicates: Instability of the biceps tendon possibly associated with a torn transverse humeral ligament
27
Jackson Compression
1. Positive: Exacerbation of localized cervical pain * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment without nerve root pressure or facet pathology 2. Positive: Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression (one would then want to evaluate the myotome, reflex and dermatome of the nerve root involved)
28
Kernig Sign
* Positive: Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain (usually in the neck region) * Indicates: Meningeal irritation/meningitis
29
Lateral Collateral Ligament Test | (Elbow)
* Positive: Excessive gapping and pain * Indicates: Lateral collateral ligament tear and/or instability
30
Fromet Paper Sign
* Positive: The patient is seen to flex the thumb thereby recruiting the median nerve to compensate for apparent weakness * Indicates: Ulnar nerve paralysis (weakness or palsy of the adductor pollicus muscle)
31
O'Donoghue Maneuver of the Wrist and Hand
1. Wrist Flexion 2. Wrist Extension 3. Wrist Ulnar Deviation 4. Wrist Radial Deviation 1. Positive: Pain during passive range of motion * Indicates: Ligamentous sprain (passive range of motion stresses ligaments) 2. Positive: Pain during resisted range of motion * Indicates: Muscle/tendon strain (active range of motion stresses muscles and tendons)
32
Brudzinski Sign
* Positive: Involuntary knee flexion * Indicates: Meningeal irritation or nerve root lesion (classic test for meningitis)
33
Hyperabduction Maneuver
* Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor * Indicates: Compression of the axillary artery by pectoralis minor or coracoid process. Thoracic outlet syndrome
34
Adam Positions
1. Positive: A "c" or "s" shaped scoliosis is observed to straighten * Indicates: Negative - Evidence of a functional scoliosis, trauma or subluxation 2. Positive: A "c" or "s" shaped scoliosis does not straighten (look for rib humping, muscular imbalance and asymmetry in hand length) * Indicates: Positive - Evidence of a pathologic or structural scoliosis
35
Adduction Stress Test | (Elbow)
* Positive: Excessive gapping and pain * Indicates: Lateral collateral ligament tear and/or instability
36
Adam Sign
1. Positive: A "c" or "s" shaped scoliosis is observed to straighten * Indicates: Negative - Evidence of a functional scoliosis, trauma or subluxation 2. Positive: A "c" or "s" shaped scoliosis does not straighten (look for rib humping, muscular imbalance and asymmetry in hand length) * Indicates: Positive - Evidence of a pathologic or structural scoliosis
37
Finkelstein Test
* Positive: Pain distal to the radial styloid process * Indicates: Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons (DeQuervain's Disease)
38
Tinel Wrist Sign
* Positive: Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (thumb, 2nd, 3rd and the lateral ½ of the 4th digit) * Indicates: Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome
39
Spinal Percussion Test
1. Positive: Local pain * Possible fractured vertebrae, ligamentous involvement (spinal pain) and muscular involvement (muscular pain) 2. Positive: Radiating pain * Indicates: Possible disc pathology
40
Valsalva Maneuver
* Positive: Radiating pain from site of the lesion (usually recreating the complaint in the cervical or lumbar areas of the spine * Indicates: Space occupying lesion (e.g. disc pathology)
41
Foraminal Compression Test
1. Positive: Exacerbation of localized cervical pain * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression 2. Positive: Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression
42
Drop Arm Test
* Positive: Patient will not be able to lower arm slowly or arm drops suddenly * Indicates: Rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus
43
Cervical Distraction Test
1. Positive: Diminished or absence of local cervical pain * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment without nerve root compression 2. Positive: Diminished or absence of radiating pain * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression 3. Positive: Increase of cervical pain * Indicates: Muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm or facet capsulitis
44
Shoulder Depression Test
1. Positive: Localized pain on the side being tested * Indicates: Dural sleeve adhesions, and muscular adhesion/contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury 2. Positive: Radicular pain on either side being tested * Radiating pain on the side being tested indicates neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions, or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome * Radiating pain on opposite side being tested indicates foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
45
Scalene Maneuver
* Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor * Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle by scalenus anticus or cervical rib
46
Abduction Stress Test | (Elbow)
* Positive: Excessive gapping and pain * Indicates: Medial collateral ligament tear and/or instability
47
Swallowing Test
* Positive: Difficulty in swallowing * Indicates: Space-occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes etc.
48
Bunnel-Littler Test
1. Positive: Flexion of the proximal interphangeal joint cannot be achieved * Indicates: Joint capsule contracture 2. Positive: Flexion of the proximal interphangeal joint is achieved * Indicates: Tight intrinsic muscles
49
Phalen Sign
* Positive: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd and the lateral ½ of the 4th digit) * Indicates: Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome
50
Anterior Apprehension Test
* Positive: Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain * Indicates: Chronic anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
51
Bakody Sign
* Positive: Decrease or absence of radiating pain * Indicates: Cervical foraminal compression, nerve root entrapment (usually C5/C6 level because this motion elevates the suprascapular nerve and relieves traction on the upper brachial plexus)
52
O'Donoghue Maneuver of the Shoulder
1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction 4. Adduction 5. External Rotation 6. Internal Rotation 1. Positive: Pain during passive range of motion * Indicates: Ligamentous sprain (passive range of motion stresses ligaments) 2. Positive: Pain during resisted range of motion * Indicates: Muscle/tendon strain (active range of motion stresses muscles and tendons)
53
Roos Test
* Positive: Ischemic pain, heaviness of the arms, or numbness and tingling of the hand * Indicates: Thoracic outlet syndrome on the side involved (Evans considers this test to be most accurate for thoracic outlet syndrome evaluation)
54
Mills Test
* Positive: Pain over the lateral epicondyle * Indicates: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
55
Dugas Test
* Positive: Inability to touch the opposite shoulder and/or inability of the elbow to touch the chest * Indicates: Acute dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
56
Cozen Test
* Positive: Pain over the lateral epicondyle * Indicates: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
57
Adson Test
* Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor * Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle by scalenus anticus or cervical rib
58
Maximal Cervical Compression
* Positive: Pain on the concave side * Indicates: Foraminal encroachment with or without nerve root compression (based on presence or absence of radicular component)
59
Halstead Maneuver
* Positive: Pain and/or paresthesia, decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor * Indicates: Compression of the neurovascular bundle by scalenus anticus or cervical rib
60
Apley Test
* Positive: Exacerbation of pain * Indicates: Degenerative tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons (usually supraspinatus)
61
Allen Test
* Positive: A delay of more than 10 seconds (Evans says 5 seconds) in returning a reddish color to the hand * Indicates: Radial or ulnar artery insufficiency. The artery held (occluded) by the examiner is not the artery being tested
62
Prayer Sign
* Positive: Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd and the lateral ½ of the 4th digit) * Indicates: Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome

7 - CLET Lab (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions