Orthopedic exams Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
hoovers
A
malingering
supine, place hands under heels and tell patient to lift the weakened leg
+ no downward pressure on uninvolved side
2
Q
burns bench
A
malingering
kneeling on table, bend forward
+ refusal because of back pain
3
Q
magnusons
A
malingering
ask patient to locate pain, distract, and ask again
+ if change location
4
Q
mannkopfs
A
malingering
monitor pulse and press on painful site
+ no increase in pulse
5
Q
anterior ankle drawer
A
anterior talo fibular lig
supine, stabilize tibia, pull CALCANEUS anteriorly
6
Q
posterior ankle drawer
A
posterior talofib lig
supine, stabilize dorsum of foot, pull TIBIA anteriorly
7
Q
godfrey sag sign
A
PCL
supine, patient bends knees, doctor lifts ankles off table
8
Q
sag sign
A
PCL
supine, patient bends knees, doctor observes
9
Q
extension posterior sag sign
A
PCL
supine, doctor lifts both legs by heels off table, comparing knee sag bilaterally
10
Q
fairbanks test
A
knee or patellar apprehension
supine, knee extended, manually displace patella laterally and observe patients face
11
Q
apleys test
A
menisci and collaterals
prone, patients knee flexed
compress down and twist
distract and twist
12
Q
mcmurrays test
A
supine with hip and knee flexed
externally rotate and extend (MCL)
internally rotate and extend (LCL)
13
Q
patellar tap test
A
effusion
supine, milk down to superor pole and press patella
+ based on feeling
14
Q
ballotment test
A
major effusion
supine, compress patella, release
+ if rebound
15
Q
clarkes test
A
CMP
supine, traction patella inferior and patient contracts quads
16
Q
fouchets test
A
CMP
supine, compress patella, if no pain, rub sideways
if painful + perkins sign
17
Q
lachmans test
A
BEST ACL TEST
supine, knee slightly flexed, stabilzie femur and pull PA on leg
18
Q
slocums test
A
ACL, MCL, LCL, instability
anterior drawer test with rotation
19
Q
drawer test for knee
A
supine with knee flexed
anterior pull PA (ACL)
posterior push AP (PCL)
20
Q
ligament stability for the knee
A
supine, abduct for MCL and adduct for LCL
21
Q
tinels test for knee
A
common peroneal nerve
seated or supine, tap over the lateral fibular head
22
Q
apparent (functional) leg length
A
supine, compare measurement from umbilicus to each medial malleolus
23
Q
actual (structural) leg length
A
supine, compare measurement from ASIS to each ipsilateral lateral malleolus
24
Q
allis leg length test
A
supine with knees flexed and feet together, compare femur and tibia length
25
laguerres test
hip
supine, FABRE in the air
26
patricks or FABRE test
hip
supine, rest heel on opposite knee to make a 4
27
Thomas test
hip flexor contracture
supine, uninvolved knee to chest
+ involved side raises
28
anvil test
hip
supine, leg straight and strike heel
29
gauvains tests
TB of the hip
side lying, extend and rotate hip feeling abdominals
30
obers test
TFL contracture
side lying, abduct and extend hip and release
31
nobles test
IT band syndrome
supine with hip and knee flexed, press lateral femoral condyle with thumb while extending knee to 30*
32
ludloffs test
lesser trochanter fracture
seated, raise involved thigh off table
33
trendelenburgs test
gluteus medius weakness
standing, raise uninvolved foot off the floor
+ glutei drop
34
yeomans
SI
extend hip with SI stabilization
35
nachlas test
SI, lumbar spine
bring heel to buttock with SI stabilization
36
elys sign
psoas contracture
bring heel to buttock without stabilization of SI
+ buttock hunch
37
elys test
low back pain
bring heel to contralateral buttock without stabilization
38
squish test
aka gapping
aka SI distraction
SI
supine, hands on ASIS, facing get, push down SI at 45 degree angle
39
erichsens test
SI
prone, squeeze SI joints together bilaterally
40
pideallus test
aka seated flexion sign
SI
seated on flat surface, palpate PSIS, have patient bend forward and touch their toes
41
SI resisted abduction
SI
sidelying, abduct and extend patients leg, dr exerts downward force
42
double leg raiser
SI and lumbar spine
supine, SLR one side, and then the other, note what angle pain occurs at
then raise both legs and note what angle pain occurs at
43
Hibbs test
SI or hip
prone, flex the knee and internally rotate hip
44
iliac compressions
SI
sidelying, press down on SI
45
Lewin gaenslens
SI
side lying gaenslens, stabilize pelvis and extend hip
46
gaenslens test
best SI test
supine, knee to chest, involved side hip extension off edge of table
47
goldthwaits
level of lesion: SI or lumbar
supine, flex hip while palpating low back
48
supported Adams tests
aka belt test
pain better with support: SI
pain worse with support: lumbar
standing, flex trunk without/ with support
49
anterior innominate test
self explanatory
standing, advance uninvolved leg and flex trunk
50
Lewin standing test
tight hamstrings or lesion
standing, pull each knee into extension, then both, while stabilizing pelvis
51
neri bowing test
aka bowing, curtsy, buckle
standing, trunk flexion without/with knee flexion
52
beerys sign
aka chair sign
hamstring
sitting relieves discomfort
53
tripod sign
hamstring
seated, observed during bechterews
54
stork test
+ pain = pars instability
standing on one leg, patient leans back
55
femoral nerve traction test
side lying, dr grasps affected leg and extends hip while knee is bent
56
reversal sign
+ pain when coming up = facet
standing, bend forward, then come up
57
prone lumbar hyperextension test
lumbar strain sprain
prone, dr stabilizes ankles and patient attempts to extend torso off the table
58
bechterews test
sciatica, disc, hamstrings
seated with hands on knees, extend one knee, then the other, then both
59
soto test
relieves piriformis
supine, SLR with hip in abduction and external rotation
60
bonnets test
sciatica from pirformis
supine, SLR with hip in adduction and internal rotation
61
kemps test
localized pain = facet
patient standing or seated, rotate, laterally flex, and extend
62
bowstrings test
aka cram test and popliteal pressure sign
supine, SLR, relax knee, apply politeal pressure
+ radiculopathy
63
lindners sign
supine, flex upper trunk into C
+ radiculopathy = lateral disc
64
fajersztajns test
supine, WLR, down 5 degrees, dorsiflex foot
+ radiculopathy = medial disc
65
WLR
+ radiculopathy = medial disc
supine, lift uninvolved side
66
turyns test
supine, extend big toe
+ radic = SI or lumbar spine
67
sicards test
supine, SLR down 5 degrees, extend big toe
+ radic = SI or lumbar spine
68
braggards test
supine, SLR down 5 degrees, dorsiflex foot
+ radic = SI or lumbar spine
69
lasegues differential sign
supine, SLR until radiculopathy occurs, then doctor flexes knee
relieves pain = rules out hip problem
70
seated lasegues test
seated, extend knee on involved side
+ radic = SI or lumbar spine
71
lasegues test
aka SLR
supine, flex hip on involved side
+ radic = SI or lumbar spine
72
minors sign
patient pushes of univolved sid leg or chair arm when getting up
+ sciatica
73
amoss sign
supine or side lying, patient rises to a seated position
+ thoracic pain
74
lewin supine test
supine, stabilize legs as patient attemps to sit up
+ instability
75
chest expansion test
seated erect or standing, tape measure at T4 level, patient expires, then inspires
+ if less than 2 inches
76
forestiers bowstring test
standing, feel paraspinals, as patient laterally flexes
+ if ipsilateral contraction
77
tuning fork on ribs test
seated, prone, supine
locate pain, place 128 tuning fork on area
fracture = increase in local pain
78
spinous process tuning fork test
seated, prone
place 128 tuning fork on SPs
fracture = increase in local pain
79
spinous percussion test
seated or prone
percuss SPs
fracture = increase in local pain
80
schepelmanns test
seated or standing
laterally felx, clasping hands over head
ipsilateral pain - intercostal neuritis
contralateral pain - pleurisy or myofascitis
81
rib compression test
seated, from behind, squeeze forearms on side
fracture = increase in local pain
82
adams positions
adams test in 3 positions
| standing, seating, kneeling
83
adams test
standing, examine spine as patient flexes forward with SHOES OFFF!
improvement - functional scoliosis
no improvement - structural scoliosisa
84
wrinke shrivel test
seated, place hand in tepid water for 5 min
+ if no pad wrinkle = denervation
85
finsterers test
seated, pronated fistm strike base of 3rd metacarpal
+ kienbocks
86
bracelet test
seated, grasp and compress distal radius and ulna
+ in RA, ganglion cyst, carpal tunnel
87
retinaculum test
seated, 1. with MCP extened, flex DIP
2. with MCP flexed, flex DIP
1. if decreased DIP flexion = intrinsic muscle problem
2. if decreased DIP flexion = DIP problem
88
bunnel littlers test
seated, 1. with MCP extened, flex PIP
2. with MCP flexed, flex PIP
1. if decreased PIP flexion = intrinsic muscle problem
2. if decreased PIP flexion = PIP problem
89
finkelsteins test
seated, bring thumb up in palm, make fist, and ulnar deviate
+ dequervains disease
90
froments test
seated, pull paper from between patients index and adducted thumb
+ ulnar nerve issue
91
pinch test
seated, bring index and thimb tips together
+ median nerve issue
92
reverse phalens test
aka prayers sign
seated, palms together, extend wrists
+ median nerve / carpal tunnel
93
phalens test
seated, dorsum of hands together, flexing wrists
+ median nerve / carpal tunnel
94
tinels of the wrist
seated, tap over flexors retinaculum
+ median nerve / carpal tunnel
95
tinels of the elbow
seated, tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle
+ ulnar nerve entrapment
96
ligament instability of the elbow
seated, abduct for MCL, and adduct for LCL
+ ligament instability
97
reverse cozens test
seated, resist patient wrist flexion
+ medial epicondylitis
98
cozens test
seated, resisted patient wrist extension
+ lateral epicondylitis
99
mills test
seated, pronate and flex patients wrist
+ lateral epicondylitis
100
passive scapular retraction approximation test
prone, lift shoulder blades and back
+ pain = T1/2 nerve root
101
codmans test
standing, abduct past 90*
+ rotator cuff
102
supraspinatus test
seated, thumb down, patient arm 90 of abduction, resist drs downward force
+ supraspinatus
103
supraspinatus arc test
standing, resist patients arm abudction through entire 180* of movement
```
supraspinatus = pain 10-20 degreees and 90-110 degrees
deltoid = pain 20-90 degrees
```
104
impingement test
seated, passively fully flex patients arm
+ biceps or supraspinatus tear
105
speeds test
seated with arm extended, resist patient shoulder flexion
+ bicpital tendinitis
106
yergasons test
seated, resist patients elbow flexion and supination
+ bicep tendon instability
107
abott saunders test
seated, dr passively abducts arm, exernally rotate while palpating lesion, then lower arm
+ biceps
108
dawbarns test
seated, press on bursa, then abduct arm while continuing pressure on bursa
decrease pressure during abduction = bursitis
109
calloways test
seated measure vertical shoulder curcumferences
+ increase in girth = dislocation
110
apprehension test of the shoulder
seated with arm in hostage position, stress humerus anteriorly
+ pain or apprehensive = dislocation
111
dugas test
seated, touch opposite shoulder and bring elbow down
+ dislocation
112
Marion shoulder rock test
seated, touch opposite shoulder and bring elbow up and down
+ pathology (vague)
113
apleys scratch test
seated, touch ipsilateral scapula behind head from superior to inferior
testing ROM
114
reverse bakodys test
seated, hand on head
+ increase in pain = TOS / cervical issue
115
Roos provocation
aka EAST or elevated arm stress test
seated, hostage position, pump hands
indicates vascular insuffeciency
116
allens maneuver
seated, flex elbow 90 degrees, extend arm, horizontal abduction, externally rotate arm, patient rotates head to each side, palpate pulse
TOS
117
wrights test
seated, passively hyperabduct each arm (well side first), palpate pulse
+ pectoralis minor
118
edens test
seated, shoulders down and back, break frontal plane, palpate pulse
+ costoclavicular
119
halsteads test
seated, extend head and traction arm down, palpate pulse
TOS
120
modified adsons test
seated, rotate away from involved side and extend, palpate pulse
+ scalenus medius / cervical rib
121
adsons test
seated, rotate towards involved side and extend, palpate pulse
+ scaleus anticus / cervical rib
122
bicycle/stoop test
cardivascular exercises upright until claudication, then stooped forward
+ relief of pain = neurogenic claudication
123
claudication test
standing, march in place
when pain occurs bend forward and see if it relieves pain
+ relief = neurogenic claudication
124
homans test
supine, dorsiflex foot only
+ thrombophlebitis
125
barre lieous test
seated, patient actively maximally rotate head side to side several times
+ VBAI
126
buergers test
supine, elevate leg to 45 degree, hold, lower leg and help patient sit up with both legs dangling
+ immediate blanching when elevated or more than 2 minutes for color to return when seated = lower arterial incompetency
127
allens test
seated, patient extends both hands palm up and squeezes one, doctor compresses radial and ulnar arteries, patient opens fist and doctor releases one artery (done to both arteries bilaterally)
upper arterial incompetency
128
barany nylen test
seated, turn head, then lay supine with head off table
+ nystagmus fatigues = benign positional vertigo
129
mittlemeyers test
standing, march in place eyes opened and then closed
+ rotate toward side of lesion
130
dizziness test
aka swivel chair test
seated, 1. patient rotates head, then 2. patient rotates body as dr holds head neutral
dizziness in 1 and 2 = cervicgoencic
dizziness in 1 only = vestibular
131
hall pikes test
supine, extend head off table, add rotation and lateral flexion, then unsupported extension
(rotate right checks for right side pathological occlusion or left side physiological occlusion)
+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus
132
dekleyns test
supine, supported rotation and extension of the head
+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus
133
maignes test
aka Vertebral basilar artery insufficiency test
steated, rotate and extend head
auscultate carotids if stethoscope is present
+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus
134
kernigs test
supine, hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees, extend knee
+ knee kicks = meningeal irritation
135
brudzinskis test
supine, flex neck
+ knees buckle = meningeal irritation
136
valsalva sign
seated, take a deep breath, hold, and bear down
increase pain = SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)
137
naffzigers test
seated, digitally compress both internal jugulars veins
SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)
138
milgrams test
supine, raise and hold legs 3 inches off the table
SOL (disc, fracture, tumor) or low back
139
dejerines triad
patient has pain when coughing, sneezing, or during a bowel movement
SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)
140
swallowing test
seated, instruct patient to swallow
SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)
141
rusts sign
patient hold their head
ADI instability
142
cervical compression test
seated, direct compression
IVF encroachment
143
jacksons test
seated laterally flex and compress
IVF encroachment
144
maximal cervical compression
seated, rotate and extend head
IVF encroachment
145
spurlings test
seated, rotate and extend head, then compress
Disc and IVF encroachment
146
bakodys test
seated, hand on head
+ decrease in pain = nerve root
147
shoulder depression test
seated or supine, lateral flexion stretch
increase pain = nerve root adhesions
148
cervical distraction test
seated, lift head and avoid TMJ
+ decrease pain = nerve root
+ increase pain = muscle strain
149
o donoghues test
varies, active, then passive ROM
active pain = strain
passive pain = sprain
150
L hermittes
seated, neck flexion
+ electric shock = MS or cervical myelopathy
151
sternal compression test
supine, cross arms on chest and apply pressure on sternum
+ pain = rib or thorax lesion
152
soto hall
supine, cross arms on chest with passive neck flexion and sternum stabilization
+ pain = cervical myelopathy
153
libmans test
seated, pressure on mastoid
used to assess pain threshold
