Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surginal Procedures > Orthopedic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List the 5 stages of normal bone healing

A 
Inflammation
Cellular proliferation
Callus formation
Ossification
Remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the two types of casting material

A

Plaster
Heavier; can accommodate some swelling
Fiberglass
Lighter; not so flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why must Webril or stockinette be placed under a cast?

A

Protect skin from•Thermal injury as cast sets up

Abrasion/pressure when wearing cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 3 types of traction.

A

Manual
Use hands intra-op to reduce fracture
Skin (AKA: Buck’s traction)
Temporary for hip fracture in ER until patient is cleared for surgery
Skeletal
Done in OR to stabilize fracture for closed femoral rodding; used with OR fracture bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antibiotics

A

Prevent SSI or to treat existing infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemostatics

A

Reduce bone bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Steroids

A

Reduce post-op inflammation, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

basic bone physiology:

A

Support, movement
Mineral storage
Formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flexion
Extension
Internal rotation
External rotation

A

Act of bending or being bent, decreasing the angle at a joint
Moving parts of a limb into a straight position, increasing the angle at a joint
rotate a limb medially
rotate a limb laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Knee Arthroscopy

A

Visual exam of the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surgical Anatomy of Knee Arthroscopy:
Bones and bone features
Ligaments
Soft tissues

A 
Bones and bone features:
     Femur
     Femoral condyles
     Tibia
     Tibial plateau
     Patella
 Ligaments
     Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
     Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
     Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)
     Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
Soft tissues
     Joint capsule
     Synovium
     Suprapatellar pouch
     Patellar tendon
     Articular cartilage
     Menisci; medial (1) and lateral (2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physiology of Knee Arthroscopy

A

Support and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathophysiology/indication for Knee Arthroscopy

A

Torn meniscus
Loose bodies
Worn patella
Torn ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Procedure steps summary for Knee Arthroscopy

A

A tiny incision is made for inflow cannula is made using #11 blade; distend joint with fluid
Another incision is made for sheath; sharp trocar using #11 blade; change to blunt trocar then place arthroscope and camera
Determine the incision site by inserting a spinal needle Make another incision using #11 blade and insert probe for EUA
Treat PRN (provide an example)
Shave away meniscus, cartilage, or patella
Repair meniscus or remove loose body
Remove instruments, arthroscope and trocars
Irrigate, close, dress (FYI: inject for post-op pain control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Shoulder Arthroscopy

A

Visual exam of shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Surgical Anatomy for Shoulder Arthroscopy:
Bones and bone features
Joints
Muscles

A 
Bones and bone features:
     Clavicle
     Acromion process
     Scapula
     Coracoid process
     Glenoid fossa (cavity)
     Glenoid labrum (ligament ring surrounding articular cartilage)
     Humerus (Humeral head)
Joints
     Glenohumeral and acromioclavicular
Muscles (rotator cuff)
     Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus
     Teres minor and Subscapularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Physiology of Shoulder Arthroscopy

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathophysiology/Indication for Shoulder Arthroscopy

A

Torn glenoid labrum
Torn rotator cuff
Impingement syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Procedure Steps Summary for Shoulder Arthroscopy

A

Distend joint with fluid via syringe and spinal needle
Inject local
The spinal needle is removed and an incision is made over the joint capsule using #11 blade
Insert the sheath and sharp trocar into the incision
Change into a blunt obturator and insert scope/camera/with inflow cannula
Additional Incisions is made for the other port sites; insert instruments PRN;
The bicep tendon is identified and examined
The bicep tendon is used as a landmark throughout the procedure.
Treat PRN*
Bankart
(Done for recurrent anterior dislocations; repair torn labrum)
Reattach labrum to glenoid with bone anchors
Rotator cuff repair
Insert anchors; and secure sutures to repair tear
Acromioplasty
(done to correct impingement syndrome; often done in conjunction with other repairs)
Use burr to trim portion of acromion
Change ports w/switching stick PRN
I and remove any loose bodies/Additional local may be inject for post-op pain control/C/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Acromioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Bankart

A

Aprocedure used to correct recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define ORIF radius

A

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Procedure summary ORIF radius

A

I/H/D until the fracture is exposed/R; EXPOSE FRACTURE
Reduce fracture with self-retaining bone reduction forceps
Malleable plates are placed against the bone and contoured to the radius using a plate benders
The plate is placed on the bone and held in place with a self-retaining bone holding forceps
The first hole is made using a drill and drill guide.
Depth gauge is used to determine the size of the screw
The screw is selected and placed on the bone
Fixate fracture by applying plat and screw
The wound is thoroughly irrigated
The tourniquet is released
Hemostasis is achieved PRN using ESU
The incision is closed and dressings are applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Procedure summary for ORIF hip fracture

A

I/H/D until the fracture is exposed/R: expose fracture
Place guide pin into femoral head with guide angle
Determine the reaming and tapping depth and screw length
Assemble the appropriate triple reamer and place it on the power drill
The reamer is placed over the guide pin and drilled into the femoral head
Assemble the lag screw insertion together and place it over the guide pin to insert the lag screw
The wrench, guide shaft, and guide pin are removed
The plate is seated using an impactor and mallet
Fixate the plate against the femur using screws
The wound is thoroughly irrigated
Hemostasis is achieved PRN using ESU
The incision is closed and dressings are applied (xeroform, 4x4 gauze, and ABD pad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Surgical repair/replacement of the acetabulum and femoral head of the hip joint.
26
Anatomy/physiology of THA
``` Parts of the femur Femoral head Femoral neck Femoral shaft Intramedullary canal Greater trochanter Joint capsule Acetabulum ```
27
Pathophysiology/indication of THA
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) Wear and tear over time; previous injury to joint; usually just one. Rheumatoid arthritis Auto-immune disease; body attacks its own synovial membranes; all synovial joints affected.
28
Procedure steps and summary for THA
I/H/D/R; dislocate hip Femoral osteotomy (saw) to remove femoral head Ream acetabulum; place tails to determine implant size Ream femur; trials for size; relocate hip joint; do ROM Prepare acetabulum; place implant Prepare femoral canal; place implants Relocate hip joint and perform final ROM I/H/Drain (PRN)/C/D
29
Anatomy/physiology of TKA
``` Femur Intercondylar notch Condyles Intramedullary canal Tibia Tibial plateau ```
30
Pathophysiology/Indication for TKA
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) Wear and tear over time; previous injury to joint; usually just one. Rheumatoid arthritis Auto-immune disease; body attacks its own synovial membranes; all synovial joints affected
31
Procedure steps and summary for TKA
I/H/D/R; expose joint; reflect patella Align the femur Place a remear into the femoral canal ream Position and secure a femoral valgus angle guide Trim the distal femur Place a, A-P femoral sizer against the resected femur; size by trial Align the tibia Position and secure the tibial resection guide to the tibia Resect and size tibia; place trial Measure, trim, and size patella Place trip and confirm its placement with an alignment rod Test the trials ROM Once the surgeon is satisfied with the ROM remove the trials Place implants and perform ROM I/H/Drains PRN/C/D
32
Anatomy/physiology for Bunionectomy
Matatarsal head Phalanx (aka. great toe) Support and Movement
33
Procedure steps and summary Bunionectomy
``` I/H/D/R osteotomy to remove exostosis Release soft tissues realign joint; fixate with screws I/H/C/D ```
34
Define Achilles tendon repair
Repair of a torn achilles tendon
35
Anatomy/physiology for Achilles tendon repair
Gastrocnemius and soles muscle Achilles tendon Calcaneus
36
Pathophysiology/Indication for Achilles tendon repair
Torn Achilles tendon
37
Procedure steps and summary for Achilles tendon repair
I/H/D/R Identify torn segments; trim edges Reattach or re-anastomose tendon, reinforce I/H/C/D, cast
38
Define Amputation, Below the knee (BK)/Above the knee (AK)
Excision of a part of the leg, above or below the knee
39
Pathophysiology/Indication for Below the knee (BK)/Above the knee (AK)
Ischemia; gangrene; necrosis Mostly due to poorly managed diabetes Trauma (if limb cannot be salvage)
40
Procedure steps and summary for Below the knee (BK)/Above the knee (AK)
``` I/H/D/R develop skin flap, evaluate blood supply elevate periosteum; perform osteotomy/ies; smooth bone edges Specimen off field I/H/DRAIN/C/D ```
41
Define Carpal Tunnel release
Surgical procedure where they incise the flexor retinaculum of the hand to release pressure that is being exerted on the median nerve
42
Anatomy/physiology Carpal Tunnel release
Median nerve transversals carpal ligament Sensory and motor movement
43
Pathophysiology/indication for Carpal Tunnel release
release pressure that is being exerted to the median nerve.
44
procedure steps summary for Carpal Tunnel release
I/H/D/R
45
Define Tenorrhaphy
Surgical repair/suture of a torn tendon on the hand
46
Anatomy/physiology Tenorrhaphy
Flexor or extensor tendons of the hand
47
Pathophysiology/indication for Tenorrhaphy
Torn/divided (cut) tendon on the hand due to trauma
48
Procedure steps summary for Tenorrhaphy
I/H/D/R Identify ends of the tendon Secure ends; trim edges
49
Define Dupuytren’s contracture (palmar fibromatosis)
release of contracture of palmar fascia
50
Pathophysiology/indication for Dupuytren’s contracture (palmar fibromatosis)
Contracture pf palmar fascia; forming cords
51
Procedure steps summary for Dupuytren’s contracture (palmar fibromatosis)
I/H/D/R (Z-PLASTY) Dissect to release affected fascia Repeat
52
Define syndactyle & polydactyl
Congenital webbing or fusion of digits
53
Anatomy/physiology
Digits only
54
Procedure steps summary for
Syndactyl: I/H/D/R develop skin flaps, obtain full-thingness skin graft PRN I/H/C/D
55
Periosteum Ligament Tendon
Layer of connective tissue covering bone Bands of dense connective tissue that hold bone to bone Strands of fibrous tissue that form ends of muscles and connect muscle to bone
56
Cartilage Cortical bone Cancellous bone
Avascular, aneural connective tissue found at ends of bones Hard, dense, bone that forms the outer shell of the bone marrow cavity Soft spongy bone found inside cortical shell
57
Long bone Short bone Flat bone
The bones of limbs that have a shaft and 2 ends; examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, phalanges Bones of the wrist and ankle that occur in clusters; examples: carpals, tarsals Bones having a partially flat surface; examples: scapula, sternum, pelvic girdle
58
Irregular bone Sesamoid bone Diaphysis
Bones having varied shapes; examples: Skull bones, facial bones, vertebrae Bones found within tendons; examples: patella (large), head of 1st metatarsal (2) Shaft of a long bone
59
Epiphysis Joint Synarthrosis
Flared ends of long bone where growth takes place (epiphyseal plate) a place where 2 bones come together An immovable, fibrous joint; example: suture lines of cranial bones
60
Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
A slightly movable, cartilaginous joint; examples: symphysis pubis; intervertebral; manubriosternal A freely movable; synovial joint; examples: Knee, hip; shoulder; wrist; C1 and C2 The central portion of the skeleton made up of the skull; vertebral column; ribs The portion of the skeleton made up of the shoulder; arms; hip; legs

Surginal Procedures (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions