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Orthopedic Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

50% of what ROMs in the C-spine occur between the occiput and C1?

A

Flexion and Extension

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2
Q

50% of what ROMs in the C-spine occur between C1 and C2?

A

Rotation

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3
Q

Positive and indication: Bakody’s Test

A

Relieves pain

IVF encroachment

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4
Q

Positive and indication: Rotational Cervical Compression

A

Radicular pain = NR Compression

Local pain = facet syndrome

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5
Q

Positive and indication: Jackson’s Compression

A 
Radicular = NR Compression
Local = Facet Syndrome
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6
Q

Positive and indication: Max Cx Compression

A 
Radicular = NR Compression
Local = Facet syndrome
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7
Q

Positive and indication: Cx Distraction

A

Decreased P = NR compression

Increased P = Sprain/Strain

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8
Q

Positive and indication: Shoulder depression

A

Pain = NR Adhesion

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9
Q

How do you perform Soto hall?

A

Pt supine, doc places one hand on the sternum and passively flexes the patient’s head towards the chest

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10
Q

Positive and indication: Soto Hall

A

Local pain anteriorly = fracture

Local pain posteriorly = ligament damage

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11
Q

How is Spurling’s Test performed?

A

Patient actively maximally rotates and laterally flexes to the affected side, the doctor delivers a vertical blow to the top of the patient’s head

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12
Q

Positive and indication: Spurling’s Test

A

Pain in the neck, shoulder, or arm = SOL

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13
Q

Positive and indication: Valsalva

A

Radicular pain = SOL

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14
Q

How is Naffziger’s Test performed?

A

Patient sits upright while doc puts a BP cuff around the pt’s neck and pumps to 40mm/Hg and holds for 30 seconds. If no pain, patient is instructed to cough

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15
Q

Positive and indication: Allen’s test

A

Delay of >10s of blood return = occlusion of the corresponding artery

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16
Q

Positive and indication: Adson’s

A

Alteration in amplitude of radial pulse = Cervical rib

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17
Q

Positive and indication: Costoclavicular/Eden’s

A

Alteration in amplitude of radial pulse = compression between 1st rib and clavicle

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18
Q

Positive and indication: Wright’s/Hyperabduction

A

If pulses are lost with more than 10º difference = Pec Minor Syndrome

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19
Q

Positive and indication: Halstead’s

A

Alteration in the amplitude of the radial pulse = Cervical rib

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20
Q

What is Bikele’s Sign?

A

Patient actively abducts the shoulder to 90º with the elbow flexed to 90 and then extends the shoulder, then extends the elbow

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21
Q

Positive and indication: Bikele’s Sign

A

Increased radicular pain = TOS/Brachial plexus neuritis/meninges leaves irritation

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22
Q

Positive and indication: Roo’s Test

A

Reproduction of symptoms = TOS

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23
Q

What is the most frequently torn rotator cuff muscle?

A

Supraspinatus

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24
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles insert at the lesser tubercle?

A

Subscapularis

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25
Which rotator cuff muscles insert at the greater tubercle?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
26
Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for abduction?
Supraspinatus
27
Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for internal rotation?
Subscapularis
28
Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for external rotation?
Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
29
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Serratus anterior
30
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Trapezius and levator scapulae
31
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Rhomboid major and minor
32
Positive and indication: Apley's
Pain/Decreased ROM = Degenerative tendonitis of RTC
33
Positive and indication: Codman's Arm Drop
Inability to maintain arm position = Supraspinatus tear
34
Positive and indication: Dugas
Unable to perform = Acute shoulder dislocation
35
What is Dawbarn's Test?
Deep palpation of the subacromial bursa, without moving the fingers passively abduct the patient's arm
36
Positive and indication: Dawbarn's
Reduction of pain = subacromial bursitis
37
Positive and indication: Yergason's
Audible click in bicipital groove = bicipital tendon instability
38
What muscle is affected by lateral epicondylitis?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
39
What muscle is affected by medial epicondylitis?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
40
Positive and indication: Cozen's
Pain in the lateral elbow = lateral epicondylitis
41
Positive and indication: Reverse Cozen's
Medial epicondylitis
42
Positive and indication: Mill's
Pain in the lateral elbow = Lateral epicondylitis
43
Positive and indication: Tinel's at the wrist
Tingling into lateral 3 fingers = Carpal tunnel | Tingling into medial 2 fingers = ulnar nerve impingement
44
Positive and indication: Froment's paper sign
Unable to keep paper between fingers = ulnar nerve palsy
45
Positive and indication: Straight leg raise
Pain down affected side = sciatica, disc, or lumbar lesion
46
Positive and indication: Braggard's
Pain in affected leg = sciatica
47
How is braggard's performed?
After pain is elicited with SLR, lower the leg below the point of discomfort and sharply dorsiflex the foot
48
How is Sicard's performed?
Perform SLR, drop 5 degrees and dorsiflex big toe
49
Positive and indication: Sicard's
Pain in affected leg = Sciatica
50
What is Turyn's Sign?
While the patient is supine the doctor dorsiflexed the big toe. Pain in the affected leg indicates sciatica
51
How is Fajerstazn's performed?
SLR with dorsiflexion of the foot on the asymptomatic side
52
Positive and indication: Fajerstazn's/Well-Leg-Raise
Pain down symptomatic side = Medial Disc Lesion
53
What is the DSLR also known as?
Millgram's Test
54
Positive and indication: Millgram's
Pain = SOL
55
Positive and indication: Goldthwait's
Pain 0-30 = SI Joint Pain 30-60 = L/S joint Pain 60-90 = Lumbar spine or contralateral SIJ
56
What is Lindner's Sign?
Patient's head is passively flexed to the chest
57
Positive and indication: Lindner's Sign
Pain in the lumbar spine radiating to the sciatic nerve = Root Sciatica
58
Positive and indication: Bowstring
Pain in the lumbar region or radiculopathy = Sciatica
59
How is Bonnet's performed?
Supine patient, doctor internally rotates and adducts leg and then performs SLR
60
Positive and indication: Bonnet's
Radicular pain into the limb = piriformis syndrome
61
What does a decrease in pain with Belt Test indicate?
Lesion is in the pelvis
62
Positive and indication: Kemp's Test
Sciatic pain down the involved side = disc
63
What does a + Kemp's away from the side of pain indicate?
Posteromedial disc
64
What does + Kemp's into the side of pain indicate?
Posterolateral disc
65
What is Neri's Bowing?
When bending forward from the waist the knee flexes on the side of involvement indicating tight hamstrings
66
How is Becterew's Performed?
Patient is seated and attempts to extend each leg one at a time. Doc places one hand on the side being tested to resist hip flexion by the patient. Patient then attempts to extend both legs together with both thighs stabilized by the doctor
67
Positive and indication: Becterew's
Pain or leaning back = disc (posteromedial disc if pain with good leg raised)
68
Positive and indication: Ely's
Radicular pain = Lumbar NR adhesion
69
Positive and indication: Nachlas
Pain in LS joint = LS lesion
70
Positive and indication: SI Tests
Pain in the SIJ = SI lesion
71
Positive and indication: FABERE?
Pain in the hip = hip lesion
72
Positive and indication: Laguerre's
Pain in hip = Hip joint lesion
73
Positive and indication: Thomas Test
Opposite thigh/knee rises off the table = hip flexion contracture
74
Positive and indication: Allis
Significant difference = femur shortening
75
Positive and indication: Ortolani
Palpable/audible click = congenital hip dislocation
76
Positive and indication: Barlow's
Deep-sounding thunk = Congenital hip dysplasia
77
Positive and indication: Ober's
Knee stays elevated = TFL contracture
78
Positive and indication: Ely's Sign
Pain = rectus femoris contracture
79
Positive and indication: Ely's Test
Pain = Hip lesion or Iliopsoas irritation or inflamed lumbar NR
80
Positive and indication: Valgus Stress Test (Knee)
Pain = MCL involvement
81
Positive and indication: Varus stress test (knee)
Pain = LCL involvement
82
When performing Apley's Distraction Test, how do you know which collateral ligament is being tested?
The heel points in the direction of the one being tested
83
Positive and indication: Slocum's Test
Pain or Joint Laxity = ACL & MCL or LCL
84
Positive and indication: Lachman's
Soft end feel = ACL instability
85
Positive and indication: McMurray
Painful click = meniscus IR = lateral meniscus ER = medial meniscus
86
Positive and indication: Apley's Compression
Pain in knee = Meniscal tear
87
Positive and indication: Bounce Home
Incomplete extension = torn meniscus
88
How is Wilson's test performed?
Seated patient actively extends their flexed knee with the tibia internally rotated, and then again externally rotated. If pain decreases with external rotation = OCD
89
What is Dreyer's Test?
Supine patient is asked to raise their extended leg, but is unable to, doctor then applies pressure to the quadriceps and patient can lift the leg = Fractured patella
90
What is the clinical term for the birth defect seen where the heel is elevated and foot is turned inward?
Talipes Equinovarus (clubfoot)
91
In patients with Pes Planus, what direction does the talar head displace?
Medially and plantarward
92
Positive and indication: Anterior Foot Drawer Test
Talus slides forward = Anterior Talofibular Ligament Instability
93
Positive and indication: | Medial/Lateral stability test
Excessive gapping during inversion = Anterior Talofibular or Calcaneofibular ligament tear Excessive gapping during eversion = Deltoid ligament tear
94
How is burn's bench test performed?
Patient is instructed to kneel on a table 18 inches form the floor, bend forward at the trunk and touch the floor while the doctor holds the ankles
95
Positive and indication: Burn's Bench Test
Patient refuses to perform = malingering
96
How is Hoover's sign performed?
Patient is supine and the doctor places one hand under each heel and asks the patient to lift the affected limb
97
Positive and indication: Hoover's Sign
Dr. Doesn't feel the unaffected side pressing downward
98
How is Lasegue's Sitting Test Performed?
Patient is sitting upright on the edge of a table or chair which has no back rest. Examiner extends the patients legs below the knee one at a time until the limb is parallel with the floor, under the guise of checking circulation
99
Positive and indication: Lasegue's Sitting
No pain where there had been a +SLR
100
How is Magnusson's performed?
At the beginning of the case history a patient is asked to point to the site of pain on the back, it is marked with a skin pencil. Later on the patient is asked again to point to the site of pain
101
What is Mannkopf's Sign?
Doc takes resting pulse rate, then applies pressure over painful area and takes pulse rate again. An increase of at least 10 bpm indicates the patient is not a malingerer
102
What is considered a positive for chest expansion test in females? Males?
Less than 1.5" (F) | Less than 2" (M)
103
What is Amoss Sign?
Patient is asked to go from a side-lying position to a seated position
104
Positive and indication: Amoss Sign
Localized TL pain and/or lack of ROM = AS, IVD syndrome, or severe sprain/strain
105
When evaluating CSF composition an increase in what compound indicates virality?
Protein
106
When evaluating CSF composition, decrease in which compound indicates bacteriality?
Glucose
107
What is the clinical term for resisted range of motion testing?
O'Donohue's Test

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