Orthopedics Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
MC peripheral nerve entrapment compression neuropathy
A
Carpel tunnel syndrome - Median nerve - lateral 3.5 fingers
2
Q
Tendons of rotator cuff
A
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
3
Q
Rotator cuff is deficient
A
Inferiorly
4
Q
MC joint to undergo dislocation
A
Shoulder
5
Q
MC joint to undergo recurrent dislocation
A
Shoulder
6
Q
Why Shoulder is MC joint to dislocate?
A
Because of Bankart’s and Hill sacs lesion
7
Q
MC type of shoulder dislocation?
A
Anterior
8
Q
ARC of abduction
A
0-15 - supraspinatus
15-90 - deltoid
>90 - serratus anterior, trapezius
9
Q
External rotation of shoulder done by?
A
T. minor and infraspinatus
10
Q
Reverse praying hands position test for?
A
Carpel tunnel syndrome - Phalen’s test
11
Q
Tinel’s sign
A
Direct percussion of Median nerve at wrist
12
Q
Collateral ligament in knee provides stability in?
A
Coronal plane
13
Q
Cruciate ligament in knee provides in?
A
Sagittal plane
14
Q
Most common ligament to undergo degeneration is?
A
Middle meniscus ligament (weight bearing ligament)
15
Q
Most common ligament to undergo tear is?
A
Middle collateral ligament
16
Q
Most common ligament to undergo surgery repair is?
A
ACL
17
Q
MC cause of Hemarthrosis in knee?
A
ACL tear
18
Q
Middle meniscus ligament tear test?
A
Apley’s McMurrays Test
19
Q
Cruciates tests
A
Dover and lachmann’s
20
Q
Ligament needed while going downstairs?
A
ACL
21
Q
Ligament needed while going upstairs?
A
PCL
22
Q
Menisci medial and lateral are?
A
cushions/shock absorbers
23
Q
Collaterals test
A
stress test
24
Q
MC joint in osteoarthiritis
A
Knee
25
Sparing of wrist and MCPJ is a feature of?
Osteoarthritis
26
Involvement of wrist and MCPJ is a feature of?
Rheumatoid arthritis
27
Osteoarthritis MC muscle involvement
Quadriceps femoris
28
MC non-weight bearing joins involvement in Osteoarthritis?
PIP joint - Bouchard's nodes
DIP joint - Heberden's nodes
29
1st x-ray sign of OA
asymmetric reduction of joint space (Medial>lateral)
30
Cock-up splint
shaft of humerus fracture - radial nerve palsy
31
knuckle bender splint
Claw hand deformity - ulnar nerve palsy
32
Thumb free in cast - elderly female
Collie's fracture - handshake cast
33
Thumb covered in cast - young male
scaphoid cast - holding cast
34
Cylinder/tube cast used in?
Patella fracture
35
MC pin used
Steinmann pin
36
Components of skeletal traction
Steinmann's pin
Denham's pin
K-wire
Bohler's stirrup
37
k-nail characteristics?
hollow
Intra-medullary nail
fracture shaft of femur and tibia
38
Seddon's classification
Neurapraxia - demyelination - physiological conduction block
Axonotmesis - axonal disruption
Neurotmesis - axon+nerve sheath distruption - complete anatomical conduction block
39
Neurapraxia - demyelination
Postural n palsy - sat night palsy - radial nerve - cockup splint
40
hangman's fracture
Axis bone
41
chance fracture
seat belt injury - jack knife injury
42
Jeffersons fracture
ring of C1 - bursting fracture
43
Cobb's angle
Scoliosis
44
Kite's angle
CTEU/Club foot
45
Bohler's angle
Fracture calcaneum
46
Pauwel's angle
Neck of femur
47
Monteggia's fracture
Fracture of proximal 1/3rd of ulna with radial head dislocation
48
Galezzi's fracture
Fracture of middle and distal 1/3rd of radius with distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation
49
Nightstick fracture
Fracture of shaft of ulna
50
Collie's fracture
Distal end of radius with extra-articular displacement away from wrist
51
Smith's fracture
Distal end of radius with extra-articular displacement anterior/volar
52
MC complication of Smith's fracture
Malunion - gardener spade deformity
53
MC complication of Collie's fracture
Finger stiffness - malunion - dinner fork deformity
54
MC stress fracture
tibia>2nd metacerpel (March fracture)
55
IOC stress fracture
MRI Unilateral
Bone scan bilateral
56
MC open fracture
Tibia
57
MC Pathological Fracture bone
Vertebrae body T12
58
MC Tarsal bone #
Calcaneum
59
MC Metacarpal bone #
5th Metacarpal - neck - boxer's #
60
MC Metatarsal bone #
5th - base - Jones #
61
MC complication clavicle #
Malunion
62
MC complication proximal humerous
Malunion
63
MC complication Supra Condylar #humerous
Malunion
64
MC complication # lateral condyle humorous
non-union
65
MC complication # Neck of femur
Non-union
66
MC complication # IT Femur
Malunion
67
MC complication # scaphoid
Non-union
68
MC complication # Neck Talus
Subtalar arthritis
69
MC cause of Genu varus in adults
Osteo-Arthritis
70
MC cause of Genu varus in children
Rickets
71
2 yo baby multiple fractures sign of violence
Battered baby syndrome
72
2 yo baby multiple long bone fractures + blue sclera + poor dentition + diaphyseal fractures and bow deformities
Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease
73
Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease gene?
COL1A1 gene
74
Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease amino acid substitution?
glycine substratanlion type 1 collagen synthesis defect
75
2-month baby, bone marrow suppression, excess white bone which diseases?
Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease
76
x-ray rugger jersey spine
osteopetrosis + renal osteodystrophy (more common)
77
DOC Paget's disease
bisphosphonates
78
IOC/gold std investigation for osteoporosis
DEXA scan - Tscore - less than -2.5 -- calculates bone mineral density
79
DOC osterporosis
Bisphosphonates
80
Mc site of origin of TB hip
Acetabulum roof
81
Stage 1 of TB hip
Synovitis
capsular distension
painful highly
Attitude FAbEr
82
Stage 2 TB hip
Early arthritis
Less painful
Attitude FAdEr
x-ray less joint space
limp shortening <1cm
83
Stage 3 TB hip
Advanced arthritis
Painless
Attitude LAdIr
Limb shortening >1 cm
84
Stage 4 TB hip
Subluxation/Dislocation
Wandering hip joint
85
MC causative agent of osteomyelitis
Overall: staph aureus
Sickel cell: Salmonella
86
Mc route of spread of osteomyelitis
Hematopenous
87
MC site of osteomyelitis
Metaphysis of distal femur
88
MC site of Brodies abscess
Tibia
89
MC site of Garre's osteomyelitis
Mandible
90
What is Brodies abscess?
Subacute osteomyelitis
91
MC causative agent of septic arthritis
Staph aureus
92
MC site of Septic arthritis
Knee>hip
93
Sequestrum
Necrotic bone
pathological hallmark of chronic osteomyelitis
94
0-1 year Tx club foot
Ponseti's technique
manipulation by doctor and casting (POP cast application)
sequential correction
95
Club foot splint
Denis Brown splint (night)
CTEV shoes (day)
96
1-3 year Tx club foot
PMSTR - Posteromedial tissue release
97
More than 3 year Tx club foot
Bony surgery
98
More than 10 year Tx club foot
Triple arthrodesis
99
Steps of Biological fracture healing
1. Fracture hematoma <7 days
2. Inflammation 2-3 weeks
3. Soft callus 3rd week (1st visible x-ray sign)
4. Woven bone/Hard callus 4-6 weeks (1st clinical sign of fracture union)
5. Remodeling 2-3 years
100
MC benign bone tumor not true bone tumor
Osteochondroma
(bony stalk with cartilage cap)
101
MC true benign bone tumor
Nidus (Osteoid <2 cm full of prostaglandins) + peripheral sclerotic rim (osteoma)
102
Pain relived by Aspirin in which bone tumor?
Osteoid osteoma
103
Sun ray/Sun burst appearance
Osteosarcoma
104
Soap bubble appearance is seen in?
Giant cell tumor
105
Multiple blood-filled sinusoids
Aneurysmal bone cyst
106
Run over injury
Hypotension + tachycardia
blood at tip of external ureteral meatus
Bladder/ureteral injury
Hypovolemic shock (avg blood loss: 2 liters)
Immediate management: pelvic external fixator
107
MC complication of posterior and anterior hip dislocations
Avascular necrosis
108
Posterior hip dislocation nerve injured?
Sciatic Nerve
109
Anterior hip dislocation nerve injured?
Femoral nerve
110
MC cause of Anterior hip dislocation
Bike accident
111
MC cause of Posterior hip dislocation
Car accident dashboard injury
112
Attitude in Post hip dislocation
FAdIr
113
Attitude in Ant hip dislocation
FAbEr
114
MC site of Pott's spine
Lower thoracic spine
115
1st x-ray sign of Pott's spine
Decrease in TV disc space
116
Multiple Enchondromatoses of hand
Ollier's disease of Maffucci's disease
117
Enchondromatoses happens in?
Hands more than feet and single more than multiple
118
Types of lesions in Pott's spine
Paradiscal
Central
Anterior
Posterior
119
Anderson Gustillo classification
1. open fracture with a wound <1 cm
2. open fracture with a wound >1 cm without extensive soft-tissue damage
3. open fracture with extensive soft-tissue damage
3a. 3 with adequate soft tissue coverage
3b. 3 with soft tissue loss and periosteal stripping and bone exposure
3c. 3 with arterial injury needing repair
120
Muscle in the second compartment of wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
121
Short 4th and 5th metacarpal is seen in?
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
122
Gower's sign is seen in?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
123
Double medial malleolus is a sign of?
Rickets
124
Which ligament is involved in pes-planus (flat foot)?
Spring ligament
125
Froment's sign is a feature of?
Ulnar nerve palsy
126
Sun ray appearance of osteosarcoma is due to?
Vascular calcification
127
Triple deformity of tubercular arthritis of knee is?
Flexion
Posterior (lateral) subluxation
External rotation
128
Spina ventosa is?
Tubercular dactylitis and is seen in phalanges
129
Gallow's traction is used for the fracture of?
Shaft of femur
130
Bumper fracture is?
Fracture of lateral tibial plateau
131
Which nerve is injured in the fracture of fibula?
Common peroneal nerve
