Orthopedics Flashcards
(434 cards)
1
Q
acetabul/o
A
hip socket
2
Q
appendicul/o
A
limb; small attached part
3
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
4
Q
articul/o
A
joint
5
Q
cancell/o
A
lattice structure
6
Q
calcane/o
A
calcaneus; heel bone
7
Q
cartilagin/o
A
cartilage
8
Q
carp/o
A
wrist
9
Q
cervic/o
A
cervix; neck
10
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
11
Q
clavicul/o
A
clavicle; collar bone
12
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx; tail bone
13
Q
diaphys/o
A
shaft of a bone
14
Q
epiphys/o
A
enlarged area at the end of a long bone
15
Q
cost/o
A
rib
16
Q
crani/o
A
cranium; skull
17
Q
dactyl/o
A
digit; finger; toe
18
Q
cortic/o
A
cortex; outer region
20
Q
femor/o
A
femur; thigh bone
21
Q
fibul/o
A
fibula; lower leg bone
22
Q
ethm/o
A
sieve
24
Q
glen/o
A
socket of a joint
25
Q
humer/o
A
humerus; upper arm bone
26
Q
front/o
A
front
27
ligament/o
ligament
28
medull/o
inner region; medulla
29
ili/o
hip bone; ilium
30
ischi/o
hip bone; ischium
31
ossificat/o
changing into bone
32
oste/o
bone
33
hy/o
u-shaped structure
34
lumb/o
area between the ribs and pelvis; lower back
35
lacrim/o
tears
36
mast/o
breast; mastoid process
37
maxill/o
maxilla; upper jaw
38
mandibul/o
lower jaw; mandible
39
nas/o
nose
40
occipt/o
back of the head; occiput
41
patell/o
kneecap; patella
42
osse/o
bone
43
spondyl/o
vertebra
44
perone/o
fibula; lower leg bone
45
palat/o
palate
46
pelv/o
hip bone; pelvis; renal pelvis
47
pariet/o
wall of a cavity
48
pub/o
hip bone; pubis
50
phalang/o
digit; finger; toe
51
radi/o
forearm bone; radiation; x-rays
52
synovi/o
joint membrane; synovium
53
synov/o
joint membrane; synovium
54
scapul/o
scapula; shoulder blade
55
sacr/o
sacrum
56
skelet/o
skeleton
57
tars/o
ankle
58
sphen/o
wedge shape
59
spin/o
backbone; spine
60
tibi/o
shin bone; tibia
61
styl/o
stake
61
stern/o
breastbone; sternum
62
tempor/o
side of the head; temple
63
thorac/o
chest; thorax
65
xiph/o
sword
65
vertebr/o
vertebra
65
uln/o
forearm bone; ulna
66
a-
away from; without
67
alges/o
sensation of pain
68
alg/o
pain
69
align/o
arranged in a straight line
70
amputat/o
cut off
71
amput/o
cut off
72
ankyl/o
fused together; stiff
73
bunion/o
bunion
74
-centesis
procedure to puncture
75
chondr/o
cartilage
76
communit/o
break into small pieces
77
congenit/o
present at birth
78
de-
reversal of; without
79
-desis
procedure to fuse together
80
dextr/o
right; sugar
81
dis-
away from
82
disk/o
disk
83
-ectomy
surgical removal
84
fract/o
bend; break up
85
gener/o
creation; production
86
goni/o
angle
87
-gram
picture; record
88
-graphy
process of recording
89
hem/o
blood
90
-ia
condition; state; thing
91
-ion
action; condition
92
-itis
infection of; inflammation of
93
kyph/o
bent; humpbacked
94
lev/o
left
95
locat/o
place
96
lord/o
swayback
97
mal-
bad; inadequate
98
malac/o
softening
99
-ment
action; state
100
-meter
instrument used to measure
101
-metry
process of measuring
102
mineral/o
electrolyte; mineral
103
myel/o
bone marrow; myelin; spinal cord
104
necr/o
dead body; dead cells; dead tissue
105
-oma
mass; tumor
106
orth/o
straight
107
-osis
condition; process
108
oste/o
bone
109
path/o
disease
110
-pathy
disease
111
ped/o
child
112
physic/o
body
113
-phyte
growth
114
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
115
por/o
pores; small openings
116
prosthet/o
artificial part
117
sarc/o
connective tissue
118
scoli/o
crooked; curved
119
-scope
instrument used to examine
120
-scopy
process of using an instrument to examine
121
-tome
area with distinct edges; instrument used to cut
122
-ure
result of; system
123
vascul/o
blood vessel
124
The bones of the shoulders, upper extremities, hips, and lower extremities.
appendicular skeleton
125
The bones of the head, chest, and back.
axial skeleton
126
Another word for bones.
osseous tissue
127
Body system that consists of all the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints in the body.
skeletal system
128
The combined systems of the bones and muscles
skeletomuscular system
129
Bony framework of the body that consists of all 206 bones, plus cartilage and ligaments.
skeleton
130
Domelike bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures.
cranium
131
Bone that forms the posterior nasal septum and the medial walls of the eye sockets. It contains many small, hollow spaces.
ethmoid bone
132
"Soft spot" on a baby's head where the cranial sutures are still open and there is only fibrous connective tissue.
fontanel
133
A hole in a bone.
formamen
134
Bone that forms the forehead and the top of the cranium and ends at the coronal suture.
frontal bone
135
U-shaped bone in the anterior neck.
hyoid bone
136
Facial bones within the eye socket.
lacrimal bones
137
Facial bone that is the lower jaw bone.
mandible
138
Facial bone that is the immovable upper jaw bone.
maxilla
139
Facial bones that form the bridge of the nose and the roof of the nasal cavity.
nasal bones
140
Bone that forms the posterior base of the cranium
occipital bone
141
Three tiny bones in the middle ear that function in the process of hearing.
ossicles
142
Facial bones that are small and flat and form the posterior hard palate.
palatine bones
143
Bones that form the upper sides and posterior of the cranium.
parietal bones
144
Bony structure of the head that consists of the cranium and facial bones.
skull
145
Large, irregular bone that forms the central base and sides of the cranium and the posterior walls of the eye sockets.
sphenoid bone
146
Joint where one cranial bone meets another.
suture
147
Bones that form the lower sides of the cranium.
temporal bones
148
Facial bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone.
vomer
149
Facial bone that is a cheek bone and goes to the edge of the eye socket.
zygoma
150
Facial bone that is a cheek bone and goes to the edge of the eye socket.
zygoma
151
Firm, but flexible segments of connective tissue that join the ribs to the sternum.
costal cartilage
152
Twelve pairs of bones that form the sides of the thorax
ribs
153
Vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached
sternum
154
Rib cage.
thorax
155
Vertebrae in the neck.
cervical vertebrae
156
Tail bone.
coccyx
157
Disk between two vertebrae.
invertebral disk
158
Vertebrae of the lower back.
lumbar vertebrae
159
Group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae.
sacrum
160
Bony column of vertebrae.
spinal column
161
Vertebrae in the area of the chest.
thoracic vertebrae
162
Bony structure in the spine.
vertebrae
163
Collar bone.
clavicle
164
Shallow depression in the scapula where the head of the humerus joins the scapula to make the shoulder joint.
glenoid fossa
165
Shoulder blade.
scapula
166
Eight small bones of the wrist joint.
carpal bones
167
Long bone of the upper arm.
humerus
168
Five bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger.
metacarpal bones
169
One of the individual bones of a finger or toe.
phalanx
170
Forearm bone located along the thumb side of the lower arm.
radius
171
Forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm.
ulna
172
Cup-shaped, deep socket of the hip joint where the femur fits.
acetabulum
173
Most superior hip bone with a broad, flaring crest.
ilium
174
Most inferior hip bone, or "seat bones".
ischium
175
The hip bones as well as the sacrum and coccyx.
pelvis
176
Small bridgelike bone that is the most anterior hip bone.
pubis
177
Heel bone.
calcaneus
178
Thigh bone.
femur
179
Thin bone in the lower leg located on the little toe side.
fibula
180
The great toe.
hallux
181
Bony projection of the distal tibia or the distal fibula. Often mistakenly called the ankle bones.
malleolus
182
The five bones of the midfoot, one corresponding to each toe.
matatarsal bones
183
Kneecap.
patella
184
Seven bones in the ankle joint.
tarsal bones
185
Large, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side.
tibia
186
Area where two bones come together.
joint
187
Fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint.
ligament
188
Crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints, such as the knee.
meniscus
189
Immovable joint between two cranial bones; it contains no cartilage.
suture joint
190
Slightly movable joint between the two pubic bones.
symphysis joint
191
A fully movable joint.
synovial joint
192
Spongy bone in the epiphyses of the long bones.
cancellous bone
193
Dense, compact, weight-bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone.
cortical bone
194
The straight shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
195
One of the two widened endss of a long bone.
epiphysis
196
Cavity within the shaft of a long bone.
medullary cavity
197
Process by which cartilage is changed into bone from childhood through adolescence.
ossification
198
Bone cell that deposits new bone.
osteoblast
199
Bone cell that breaks down areas of old or damaged bone.
osteoclast
200
Bone cell that maintains and monitor the mineral content of a bone.
osteocyte
201
Thick, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone.
periosteum
202
Death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone, often the femur.
avascular necrosis
203
Benign tumor of the cartilage
chondroma
204
Abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear.
chondromalacia patellae
205
Broken bone.
fracture
206
Broken bone does not break through the overlying skin.
closed fracture
207
Broken bone breaks through the overlying skin.
open fracture
208
Broken bone remains in its normal anatomical alignment.
nondisplaced fracture
209
Broken bone is pulled out of its normal anatomical alignment.
displaced fracture
210
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand.
Colles' fracture
211
Bone is crushed in to several small pieces.
comminuted fracture
212
Vertebrae are compressed together.
compression fracture
213
Cranium is fractured inward toward the brain.
depressed fracture
214
Bone is broken on only one side.
greenstick fracture
215
Very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together.
hairline fracture
216
Bone is broken on an oblique angle.
oblique fracture
217
Bone is broken in a spiral because of a twisting force.
spiral fracture
218
Bone is broken in a transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis.
transverse fracture
219
Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D.
osteomalacia
220
Infection in the bone and bone marrow.
osteomyselitiis
221
Abnormal thinning of the bone structure.
osteoporosis
222
Chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine.
ankylosing spondylitis
223
Humpback.
kyphosis
224
Swayback.
lordosis
225
Abnormal, excessive C-shaped or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine.
scoliosis
226
Degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of proper alignment.
spondylolisthesis
227
Pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection.
arthralgia
228
Disease of a joint from any cause.
arthopathy
229
Displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint.
dislocation
230
Metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. There is a high level of uric acid in the blood which moves into the soft tissues and forms crystals.
gout
231
Blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or penetrating wound.
hemarthrosis
232
Arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick.
lyme disease
233
Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints.
osteoarthritis
234
Acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue, particularly of the joints.
rheumatoid arthritis
235
Overstretching and tearing of a ligament around a joint.
sprain
236
Tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury.
torn meniscus
237
Congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent inward, creating a hollow depression in the anterior chest.
pectus excavatum
238
Knock-knee.
genu valgum
239
Bowleg.
genu varum
240
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.
hallux valgus
241
Clubfoot.
talipes equinovarus
242
Blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
rheumatoid factor
243
Blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout and gouty arthritis.
uric acid
244
Procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into the joint.
arthography
245
Procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured.
bone density tests
246
Nuclear medicine procedure in which a phosphate compound is tagged with the radioactive tracer technetium-99m.
bone scintigraphy
247
Procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery.
closed reduction
248
Procedure in which sound waves produced outside the body are used to break up bone spurs.
extracorporeal shock wave therapy
249
Procedure in which a goniometer is used to measure the angle of a joint and its range of motion.
goniometry
250
Orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight to correct an orthopedic problem.
orthosis
251
Procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted in the joint space.
arthrocentesis
252
Procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint.
arthrodesis
253
Procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint.
arthroscopy
254
Procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repar fractures.
bone graft
255
Procedure to remove bunion.
bunionectomy
256
Procedure that replaces damaged cartilage as an alternative to total knee replacement.
cartilage transplant
257
Procedure used to treat a complicated fracture. Metal pins are inserted into the bone and connected to a metal frame.
external fixation
258
Procedure to replace a joint.
joint replacement surgery
259
Procedure to treat a complicated fracture. An incision is made to open the skin, the fracture is realigned, and screws, nails, or plates are inserted.
open reduction and internal fixation
260
Over-the-counter drugs aspirin and acetaminophen decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.
analgesic drugs
261
Drugs which inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone.
bone resorption inhibitor drugs
262
Drugs which decrease severe inflammation.
corticosteroid drugs
263
Drugs which inhibit the immune response that attacks the joint and connective tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
gold compound drugs
264
Drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
265
Structure that produces movement of the body.
muscle
266
Provides movement for the body in conjunction with support from the bones.
muscular system
267
skeletal muscles in one body part or all of the muscles in the body as a whole.
musculature
268
One of three types of muscles in the body, but the only one that is under voluntary control.
skeletal muscle
269
Wide, white fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a flat muscle to a bone or other structure.
aponeurosis
270
Area of greatest mass, usually the center of the muscle midway between the origin and insertion.
belly of the muscle
271
Sac of synovial membrane that contains the synovial fluid. It decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone near a synovial joint.
bursa
272
Thin connective tissue around each muscle. It joins to become part of the tendon.
fascia
273
Where the tendon of a muscle ends on a bonethat moves when the muscle contracts or relaxes.
insertion
274
Where the tendon of a muscle begins and is attached to a stationary bone.
origin
275
Thin, nearly translucent band of fibrous tissue and fascia that holds down tendons that cross the wrist and ankle.
retinaculum
276
Cordlike, nonelastic, white fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
tendon
277
Moving a body part away from the midline.
abduction
278
Moving a body part toward the midline.
adduction
279
Turning a body part outward and toward the side.
eversion
280
Straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts.
extension
281
Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or two body parts.
flexion
282
Turning a body part inward.
inversion
283
Turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward.
pronation
284
Moving a body part around its axis.
rotation
285
Turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward.
supination
286
Muscle of the side of the face that moves the cheek.
buccinator muscle
287
Muscle of the forehead that moves the forehead skin and eyebrows.
frontalis muscle
288
Muscle of the side of the jaw that moves the mandible upward.
masseter muscle
289
Muscle around the eye that closes the eyelid.
orbicularis oculi muscle
290
Muscle around the mouth that closes the lips.
orbicularis oris muscle
291
Muscle of the neck that moves the mandible down.
platysma muscle
292
Muscle of the neck that bends the head toward the sternum and turns the head to either side.
sternocleidomastoid muscle
293
Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward.
temporalis muscle
294
Muscle of the shoulder that raises the arm and moves the arm away from the body.
deltoid muscle
295
Muscles between the ribs that work in pairs to spread the ribs apart during inspiration and pull the ribs together during forced expiration, coughing, or sneezing.
intercostal muscles
296
Muscle of the back that moves the arm posteriorly and medially toward the vertebral column.
latissimus dorsi muscle
297
Muscle of the chest that moves the arm anteriorly and medially across the chest.
pectoralis major muscle
298
Muscle of the shoulder that raises the shoulder, pulls the shoulder blades together, and elevates the clavicle.
trapezius muscle
299
Muscle of the anterior upper arm that bends the upper arm toward the shoulder and bends the lower arm toward the upper arm.
biceps brachii muscle
300
Muscle of the anterior lower arm that bends the lower arm toward the uppper arm.
branchioradialis muscle
301
Muscle that extends the fingers or toes.
extensor digitorum muscle
302
Group of muscles in the palm side of the hand that bends the thumb and moves it towards the palm.
thenar muscles
303
Muscle of the posterior upper arm that straightens the lower arm.
triceps brachii muscle
304
Muscle of the side of the abdomen that bends the upper body forward, rotates the side of the body medially, and compresses the side of the abdominal wall.
external abdominal oblique muscle
305
Muscle of the anterior abdomen that bends the upper body forward and compresses the anterior abdominal wall.
rectus abdominas muscle
306
Muscle of the posterior leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly and bends the lower leg towards the buttocks.
biceps femoris muscle
307
Muscle of the posterior lower leg that bends the foot downward and lets you stand on tiptoe.
gastrocnemius muscle
308
Muscle of the buttocks that moves the upper leg posteriorly and rotates it laterally
gluteus maximus muscle
309
Collective name for three muscles in the posterior upper leg that move the upper leg posteriorly and bends the lower leg toward buttocks.
hamstrings
310
Muscle of the lateral lower leg that raises the lateral edge of the foot and bends the foot downward.
peroneus longus muscle
311
Collective name for four muscles in the anterior and lateral upper leg that straighten the lower leg.
quadriceps femoris
312
Muscle of the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen and rotates it laterally.
sartorius muscle
313
Muscle of the posterior upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly, bends the lower leg toward the buttock, and rotates the leg medially.
semitendinosus muscle
314
Muscle of the anterior lower leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen and straightens the lower leg.
vastus lateralis muscle
315
Neurotransmitter that initiates a muscle contraction
acetylcholine
316
Shortening of the length of all the muscle fibers and of the muscle itself.
contraction
317
A bundle composed of many muscle fibers.
fascicle
318
An increase in the size of a muscle
hypertrophy
319
One muscle cell.
muscle fiber
320
Section of a muscle fiber that contains thin strands and thick strands that give it its characteristic striated appearance under a microscope.
myofibril
321
Area on a muscle fiber where a single nerve cell connects to it.
neuromuscular junction
322
Chemical messenger between a nerve cell and a muscle fiber.
neurotransmitter
323
volunt/o
person's own free will
324
abdomin/o
abdomen
325
anter/o
before; front part
326
brachi/o
arm
327
buccinat/o
cheek
328
burs/o
bursa
329
cleid/o
clavicle, collar bone
330
contract/o
pull together
331
cost/o
rib
332
delt/o
triangle
333
duct/o
bring; duct; move
334
extens/o
straightening
335
extern/o
outside
336
fasci/o
fascia
337
fibr/o
fiber
338
flex/o
bending
339
front/o
front
340
gastr/o
stomach
341
insert/o
introduce; put in
342
intern/o
inside
343
masset/o
chewing
344
mast/o
breast; mastoid process
345
muscul/o
muscle
346
my/o
muscle
347
myos/o
muscle
348
neur/o
nerve
349
orbicul/o
small circle
350
pector/o
chest
351
perone/o
fibula; lower leg bone
352
pronat/o
face down
353
radi/o
forearm bone; radiation; xrays
354
rotat/o
rotate
355
stern/o
breastbone; sternum
356
supinat/o
lying on the back
357
tempor/o
side of the head; temple
358
tendin/o
tendon
359
ten/o
tendon
360
then/o
thumb
361
tibi/o
shin bone; tibia
362
transmitt/o
send across; send through
363
troph/o
development
364
vers/o
travel; tern
365
vert/o
travel; turn
366
Loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles.
atrophy
367
Condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone.
avulsion
368
The result of a severe blunt or crushing injury that causes bleeding in the muscles of the leg.
compartment syndrome
369
Inactivity or paralysis combined wither continuing nerve impulses can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable.
contracture
370
Pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck, back, or hips which are tender to the touch and feel firm.
fibromyalgia
371
Injury that occurs during a car accident as a person's head snaps forward and then backward in response to the car's changing speed.
hyperextension-hyperflexion injury
372
Condition in which blunt trauma causes some bleeding in the muscle, also known as a bruise.
muscle contusion
373
Painful but temporary condition with a sudden, severe, involuntary contraction of a muscle, often in the legs.
muscle spasm
374
Overstretching of the muscle, often due to physical overexertion.
muscle strain
375
Genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin which causes the muscles to weaken and then atrophy.
muscular dystrophy
376
Pain in a muscle due to injury or muscular disease.
myalgia
377
Autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is drooping of the eyelids.
myasthenia gravis
378
Category that includes many different diseases of the muscles.
myopathy
379
Inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling and tenderness.
myositis
380
Condition affecting the muscles, tendons, and sometimes the nerves.
repetitive strain injury
381
Benign tumor in a muscle.
rhabdomyoma
382
Cancerous tumor in a muscle.
rhabdomyosarcoma
383
Tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus.
rotator cuff tear
384
Incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait.
ataxia
385
Abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease in the number of spontaneous muscle movements.
bradykinesia
386
Abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles.
dyskinesia
387
An abnormally increased amount of muscle movements.
hyperkinesis
388
An uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs.
restless leg syndrome
389
Small, involuntary, sometimes jerky, back-and-forth movements of the hands, head, jaw, or extremeties.
tremor
390
Inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa.
bursitis
391
Progressive disease in which collagen fibers in the fascia in the palm of the hand become thickened and shortened.
Dupuytren's contracture
392
Inflammation of the fascia around a muscle.
fascilitis
393
Semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrist, hand, or foot.
ganglion
394
Inflammation and pain of the flexor and pronator muscles of the forearm where their tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. This is an overuse injury caused by repeating flexing of the wrist while the fingers tightly grasp.
pitcher's elbow
395
Pain and inflammation of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the anterior lower leg over the tibia. It is an overuse injury common to athletes who run.
shin splints
396
Inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse.
tendinitis
397
Inflammation and pain of the extensor and supinator muscles where their tendons originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This is an overuse injury caused by repeated extension and supination of the writst.
tennis elbow
398
Inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid.
tenosynovitis
399
Test that detects antibodies that the body produces against its acetycholine receptors. Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.
acetylcholine recepter antibody test
400
Test that measure the level of serum CPK-MM, an isoenzyme found in the muscles. High levels are found in patients with musclular dystrophy.
creatine phosphokinase
401
Procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage. A needle electrode is inserted into a muscle and records electrical activity as the muscle contracts and releases.
electromyography (EMG)
402
Procedure in which the drug edrophonium is given to confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Positive tests show temporarily increased muscle strength during the test.
edrophonium test
403
Medical devices that support and straighten a body part or increases mobility and independence.
braces and adaptive devices
404
Procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is funtioning normally. Tapping briskly on a tendon causes an involuntary, automation contraction of the muscle connected to that tendon.
deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
405
Procedure used to test the motor strength of certain muscle groups.
muscle strength test
406
Physical therapy that includes exercises to increase muscle strength and improve coordination and balance.
rehabilitation exercises
407
Procedure to treat fibromyalgia. A combination of a local anesthetic drug and a corticosteroid drug are injected into each fibromyalgia trigger point.
trigger point injections
408
Procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing Dupuytren's contracture.
fasciectomy
409
Procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome.
fasciotomy
410
Procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon.
ganglionectomy
411
Procedure to diagnose muscle weakness that could be caused by many kinds of muscular diseases. An incision is made in the muscle and a piece of tissue is removed and sent to pathology.
muscle biopsy
412
Procedure to suture together a torn muscle after an injury.
myorrhaphy
413
Procedure to suture together a torn tendon after an injury.
tenorrhaphy
414
Procedure to remove the thymus gland which is used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis.
thymectomy
415
Over-the-counter drugs like aspirin and acetaminophen which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.
analgesic drugs
416
Drugs which block the action of epinephrine to suppress essential familial tremor.
beta-blocker drugs
417
Drugs which decrease severe inflammation.
corticosteroid drugs
418
Drugs which stimulate dopamine receptors to treat restless leg syndrome.
dopamine stimulant drugs
419
Drugs which include an oral muscle relaxant drug, injected local anesthetic drus, and oral pregabalin.
drugs for fibromyalgia
420
Drugs which inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.
drugs for myasthenia gravis
421
Drugs which relieve muscle spasm and stiffness.
muscle relaxant drugs
422
Drugs which block acetycholine receptors to prevent muscle contraction.
neuromuscular drugs
423
Drugs which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
424
syn-
together
425
inter-
between
426
peri-
around
427
dia-
complete; completely through
428
-trophy
process of development
429
-physis
state of growing
430
-desis
procedure to fuse together
431
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
432
-ectomy
surgical removal
433
-plasia
development; formation
434
-listhesis
process of slipping
435
-centesis
procedure to puncture
