Orthopedics on 10/28 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Ankyl/o
A
crooked, bent, stiff
2
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
3
Q
burs/o
A
bursaca
4
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
5
Q
carp/o
A
wrist
6
Q
cervic/o
A
cervical
7
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
8
Q
claviclu/o
A
clavicle
9
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx
10
Q
cost/o
A
rib
11
Q
crani/o
A
skull
12
Q
femor/o
A
femur
13
Q
fibul/o
A
fibula
14
Q
humer/o
A
humerus
15
Q
ili/o
A
iliem
16
Q
ischi/o
A
ischium
17
Q
lumb/o
A
lumbar
18
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpal
19
Q
metatars/o
A
metatarsal
20
Q
musculo/o
A
muscle
21
Q
my/o
A
muscle
22
Q
myel/o
A
spine
23
Q
oste/o
A
bone
24
Q
patell/o
A
patella
25
pelv/i
pelvis
26
phalang/o
finger
27
pub/o
pubic
28
radi/o
radius
29
sacr/o
sacrum
30
scapula/o
scapula
31
stern/o
sternum
32
tars/o
tarsal
33
ten/o
tendon
34
tend/o
tendon
35
thorac/o
thoracic
36
tibi/o
tibia
37
uln/o
ulna
38
vetrbra/o
vertebrae, spine
39
origin
proximal attachment
40
insertion
distal attachment
41
How many bones in the body?
206
42
what makes up the axial skeleton?
bones of the head, trunk, and vertebrae
43
what makes up the appendicular skeleton?
appendages, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle
44
reabsorption
removal of old bone
45
formation
adding new bone
46
bone remodeling facts..
faster as a child
slows at 20
complete skeletal turnover every 10 years
47
what influences bone remodeling?
vitamins
diet
activity
hormones
48
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
49
what is hyaline cartilage?
pale blue=white and smooth
provides surface, resistance to compressive forces at the articulation
50
what structures have hyaline cartilage?
trachea
nose
epiphyseal growth plate
sternum
ventral ribs
51
what is elastic cartilage?
dull yellow
provides flexibility and resilience to pressure
52
what structures have elastic cartilage?
larynx
ear
epiglottis
eustachian tube
53
what is fibrocartilage?
resists high degrees of tension and compression
54
what structures have fibrocartilage?
tendons
ligaments
intervertebral discs
articular surfaces of some bones
menisci- knee
labrum- shoulder
55
What do tendons connect?
what do ligaments connect?
tendons connect muscle to bone
ligaments connect bone to bone
56
osteogenesis
formation of bone
57
ossification
harden into bone
58
What is formed in bone ossification?
bone matrix
59
What do minerals and collagen do for the bones?
What are the specific minerals?
minerals= strength
collagen= resistance
calcium and phosphorous
60
What are the 2 types of bone osteogenesis?
endochondral
intramembranous
61
what is endochondral bone formation?
process by which cartilage is formed and replaced by bone cells
62
What is intramembranous bone formation?
direct conversion of mesenchymal (stem cells) tissue into bone
63
What is the Haversian system?
osteons
64
What is the function of the bones?
framework
support
protection
attachment for muscles
storage of minerals
blood cell production
65
What minerals are stored in the bones?
calcium
phosphorous
magnesium
sodium
potassium
66
hematopoiesis
process of making blood cells and platelets
67
What are osteoclasts? What is removed?
responsible for dissolving and reabsorption of bone
calcium
68
What are osteoblasts?
responsible for bone formation
69
What are osteocytes? Where are they located?
mature bone cells responsible for bone maintenance
lacunae
70
What is a cortical bone?
compact bone
hard and dense
surrounds the marrow cavity
contains the Haversian systems
71
What is a cancellous bone?
spongy bone
found at ends of bone
line medullary marrow
adapts to load bearing
composed of osteocytes and matrix
72
What are the 3 structures of the long bone?
epiphysis ends
diaphysis middle
epiphyseal plate/line growth plate
73
What is articular cartilage? Where is it located?
firm, white connective tissue
found at articulating surfaces
where 2 joints meet
74
What is bone marrow?
semi-solid tissue found in cancellous bone
vascular tissue
located in medullary cavity of long bone
75
What structures have red bone marrow?
sternum
ilium
vertebrae
ribs
76
What is yellow bone marrow?
in adult's long bones become fatty but convert back to red in reaction to hemorrhagic trauma
77
What is the endosteum of a bone?
thin vascular membrane
covers marrow cavities
contains osteocytes
78
What is the periosteum of a bone? What does it contain?
What does it attach?
dense fibrous membrane that covers bone, nourishes and facilitates growth
contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
attaches tendons to ligaments
79
What are the 2 layers of the periosteum?
inner- new bone cells are formed
outer- defends against infection
80
projections/process
raised part of bone
attachment for tendons and ligaments
81
fossa
depressions
inward curvature of bone
82
foramen
opening
hole for vessels and nerves to pass
83
condoyle
large prominence
84
articulating surfaces
where two surfaces meet
85
What vessels are in the cancellous bone?
spongy
epiphyseal vessels
86
What vessels are in the compact bone?
cortical
periosteal vessels
87
What vessels are in the periosteum?
nutrient arteries
88
What are examples of long bones?
femur
humorous
tibia
fibula
89
What are examples of short bones?
carpals
tarsals
90
What are examples of flat bones?
ribs
scapula
sternum
skull
91
What are examples of irregular bones?
vertebrae
mandible
92
What are examples of sesamoid bones?
round and found with a tendon
patella
ball of foot
93
