OS1 MT Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
mesomorphic body type?
A
athletic, average guy, mid-range ROM, associated with high embryonic mesoderm
2
Q
ectomorphic body type?
A
thin, high ROM, associated with high embryonic ectoderm
3
Q
endomorphic body type?
A
heavy, lower ROM, associated with high embryonic endoderm
4
Q
factors that could create asymmetry?
A
bone/joint deformity kyphoscoliosis dress/occupation/mental attitude/habit sacral base unleveling LE defects somatic disfunction
5
Q
indications of pale skin?
A
anemia
6
Q
indications of erythema?
A
inflammation
7
Q
indications of jaundice?
A
cirrhosis
8
Q
indications of cyanosis?
A
rxn to cold, Reynaud’s disease, Tertralogy of Fallot
9
Q
things to consider in skin lesions?
A
Assymetry Border Color Diameter Evolution
10
Q
AT Still birth? parents?
A
8/6/1828 in Lee County, VA
father was minister/physician
mother was uneducated, wanted better
11
Q
AT Still move to MO?
A
1830s
12
Q
made rope swing to treat headache
A
1839
13
Q
took over mission in Eudora, KS
A
1850
14
Q
studied anatomy in indian cadavers after cholera epidemic
A
1855
15
Q
Civil War? Rank?
A
1861-64
Major
16
Q
3 kids die from spinal meningitis and daughter dies from pneumonia a month later, returns home to farm and formulate ideas on medicine
A
1864
17
Q
AT Still flung the banner of osteopathy to the breeze
A
10 AM 6/22/1874
18
Q
presents ideas at baker, removed from church, recorded first OM treatment
A
1874
19
Q
moved to Kirksville
A
1875
20
Q
becomes busy enough to stay in Kirksville and patients come to him
A
1886
21
Q
American School of Osteopathy opens (17 men, 5 women) taught by Still and Smith
A
1892
22
Q
vermont becomes first state to legally license DOs, then ND
A
1896
23
Q
Still autobiography published, MO grants DO licensure, AAAO founded
A
1897
24
Q
osteopathic principles?
A
- body = unit, mind/body/spirit
- body capable of self-reg/self-heal/health mantinance
- structure and function reciprocally related
- treatment based on principles of self reg and relationship of structure/function
25
osteopathic vs allopathic?
osteopathic host focused, allopathic disease focused
26
first osteopathic residencies
1947
27
acute somatic dysfunction characterizations
```
vasodilation
edema
tenderness
pain
tissue contraction
```
28
chronic somatic dysfunction characterizations
```
tenderness
itching
fibrosis
paresthesia
tissue contraction
```
29
anatomic barrier?
limit imposed by anatomic structure, limit of passive motion
30
physiological barrier?
limit of active motion
31
elastic barrier?
range b/w physiologic and anatomic barriers
32
restrictive barrier?
functional limit abnormally diminishing normal physiological range
33
tenderpoints?
small discrete hypersensitive areas, localized pain
34
trigger points?
small discrete hypersensitive areas w/i myofascial structures, palpation causes referred pain
35
somatic dysfunction?
impaired or altered funciton of related components of the somatic (body framework) system
impaired or altered functioning
36
OMT?
the therapeutic application of manually guided forces by an OM physician to improve physiologic function and/or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction
37
what do DOs treat?
whole patient
38
contraction vs contracture?
normal tone vs abnormal shortening of muscle
39
acute vs chronic vascular changes?
acute - inflamed vessel wall injury, endogenous peptide released
chronic - sympathetic tone increases vascular constriction
40
acute vs chronic sympathetic changes?
acute - local vasoconstriction overpowered by chemical release, net vasodilation
chronic - vasoconstriction, hypertonic
41
acute vs chronic muscular changes?
local increase in tone, contraction, spasms, increase to spindle activity
decreased tone, flaccid, mushy, limited ROM due to contracture
42
AROM vs PROM?
AROM goes to physiologic barrier, PROM goes to anatomic (farther)
43
end feel?
palpatory experience or perceived quality of motion when joint is moved to its limit
44
early muscle spasm end feel?
empty, guarding, protective after injury
45
late spasm end feel?
chornic spasm, chronic tissue changes
46
hard capsular end feel?
frozen shoulder
47
soft capsular end feel?
synovitis
48
acute vs chronic pain
acute - sharp
chronic - dull, ache, tingle
49
acute vs chronic TTA?
a - red, swollen, boggy, increased tone
c - dry, cool, ropy, pale, decreased tone
50
Characteristics of motion?
```
direction
range
quality (smooth, ratcheting, restricted, resistance)
```
51
abrupt end feel?
osteoarthritis or hinge joint
52
hard end feel?
somatic dysfunction
53
crisp end feel?
involuntary guarding as in a pinched nerve
54
static vs dynamic ROM?
static - maximal ROM w/ external force
dynamic - max ROM naturally produced and speed it can be produced at
55
Beighton score?
test for hypermobility
56
Ehler-Danlos?
- major criteria = BS > 4, athralgia longer than 3 months in 4+ joints
- minor criteria = BS 1-3, athralgia in 1-3 joints, dislocations, etc
requirement for diagnosis = 2 major, 1 major + 2 minor, 4 minor, or 2 minor and FH of EDS
57
flexion/extension plane?
saggital
58
sidebending plane?
coronal/frontal
59
rotation, horizontal add/abd plane?
horizontal/transverse
60
coupled motion?
association of motion along or about one axis, with another motion about or along another axis; principle motion cannot be produced w/o associated motion as well
61
fascia?
complete system w/ blood supply/drainage, innervations; largest organ system in body
involved in tissue protection and healing of surrounding systems
62
fascia is not?
Ts, Ls, aponeuroses
63
fascia is? (3)
omnipresent - continually throughout body
omnipotent - provides mobility/stability of MSK, contractile and healing functions
omniscient - "knowing everything" 75% stretch receptors in fascia, mechanoreceptors
64
pannicular fascia?
outermost layer; adipose outer layer and membranous inner layer, surrounds everywhere but orifices
65
axial/appendicular fascia?
"investing layer," internal to pennicular; surrounds muscles/periosteum/peritendon
66
viscoelastic material?
material that deforms according to the rate of loading and deformity
67
stress/strain in ct?
force attempting to deform ct, and percentage of ct deformation
68
hysteresis?
diff b/w loading and unloading characteristics that represents energy lost in ct system; energy lost = hysteresis
69
creep?
ct under constant load will elongate
70
ease?
direction in which ct is moved easily
71
bind?
palpable restriction of ct mobility
72
fascial sweater?
restrictions in one area create ct restrictions at distances away
73
newton's 3rd law?
when 2 bodies interact, force exerted by one creates equal/opposite force in other
74
hooke's law?
strain/deformation placed on elastic body is in proportion to stress/force placed upon it
75
wolff's law?
bone will develop according to stresses placed upon it; also applies to fascia
76
sherrington's law?
when a muscle receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists receive a simultaneous impulse to relax
77
compensatory patterns?
normal fascial planes of ease
common comp = LRLR
uncommon comp = RLRL
uncompensated = LLLL/LRRL/etc (usually symptomatic)
78
ideal compensatory pattern transition zones?
transition zones of spine
79
soft tissue technique?
system of diagnosis and treatment directed towards tissues other than skeletal or arthrodial elements
ONLY direct treatments (towards RB)
80
severe osteoporisis and ST spinal treatment?
don't use prone pressure, use lateral recumbent techniques
81
acute injuries and soft tissue techniques?
should never do direct techniques into acute injuries, use things like indirect MFR
82
kneading vs inhibition?
kneading - repetitive pushing perpendicular
inhibition - pushing and holding perpendicular
83
MFR?
direct or indirect, engaging release of MF tissues
84
Integrated Neuromusculoskeletal Release?
combined procedures stretch ST and joint restriction
85
Inherent forces?
using patient's primary respiration mechanism (PMR) to assist w/ manipulation
86
MFR treatment endpoint?
warmth, softening, or increase ROM
87
health?
complete state of mental, physical, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease
88
manipulation?
use of hands and instructions to achieve maximum painless movement of the MSK system
89
disease driven vs health driven treatments?
dd - stabilize, manage, black and white, epidemiology, has an endpoint
hd - complex, unique, variable, grey, ongoing
90
5 models of osteopathic treatment?
```
postural/structural
neurological
respiratory/circulatory
bioenergy
psychosocial
```
somatic dysfunction overlaps all of these realms
91
history of MET?
Ruddy used contractions for spine treatments in 1950s, Mitchell wrote about it in 1948 and taught courses/developed it
92
what type of technique is MET?
active and direct; patient contributes and is positioned in RB
93
isometric contraction?
contraction of muscle w/ no change in distance b/w origin and insertion
94
concentric isotonic contraction?
contraction w/ approximation of origin/insertion (biceps curl)
95
eccentric isotonic contraction?
contraction w/ separation of origin/insertion (relaxation of curl)
96
isolytic contraction?
non physiologic; attempted concentric contraction w/ external force causing separation of origin/insertion
97
post-isometric relaxation?
most common form of MET
contraction -> tension in golgi tendon organ -> inhibition of contraction -> relaxation
98
joint mobilization using muscle force?
maximum contractions restores motion in compressed joint
99
oculocephalogyric reflex?
eye movements affect cervical/truncal muscles
gentle contraction
100
reciprocal inhibition vs crossed extensor reflex?
same side flexor vs extensor contraction/relaxation
opposite side flexor/flexor or extensor/extensor contraction/relaxation
ounces of force, not pounds
101
isokinetic strengthening?
lengthening hypertonics which shortens antagonist
sustained gentle pressure (10-20 lbs)
102
isolytic lengthening?
lengthening a muscle shortened by contracture/fibrosis
max contractions
103
isometric vs isotonic
isometric - light contraction, unyielding counter force
isotonic - hard to maximal contraction, counter force permits controlled motion
104
situations bad for MET?
post-op
following MI
eye surgery and oculocephalogyric
105
when to use MET vs ART
ART is best in elderly/frail, critically ill, post-op, youth
MET must have strength and be able to follow commands
106
ST/MFR/INR/MET/ART
- direct?
- indirect?
- single action?
- repetitive?
direct = all
indirect = MFR/INR
single action = MFR/INR
Repetitive = all but MFR
107
ST/MFR/INR/MET/ART activating forces?
```
ST = physician
MFR = physician
INR = physician and patient
MET = patient
ART = physician
```
108
When did Still coin the term Osteopathy?
1889 (bone, to suffer)
109
AOA adopts standards for approving OM colleges
1902
110
Flexner?
Authored a report on medical education in 1910
111
Spanish flu
1917-1918
112
DOs seek recognition in military
1917 (legalized 1957)
113
First DO in armed forces?
Harry Walter
114
Jeanette Bolles?
First woman DO degree
115
Louisa Burns?
First researcher in OM w/ Ann Perry
116
Babara Ross?
First african-american women appointed dean of medical school in US
117
Oliva?
Cuban, first minority president of AOA 1988-1989
118
W. Anderson?
first african-american president of AOA 1994-1995
119
Cline Committee?
determined DO educaiton is comparable to MD but worse facilities (1955)
120
California incident?
1961
121
Last state to extend full rights to DOs? When?
Mississippi 1973
122
Plumb Line?
- External Auditory Canal
- Acromion Process
- Greater Trochanter
- Anterior Medial Malleolus
123
Factors affecting symmetry?
somatic dysfunction
acute disease process
normal/genetic
124
components of observation?
look, feel, move, function
125
acute vs chronic SDs?
vasodilation/edema
itching/fibrosis/paresthesias
126
spine curvatures?
cerv lordosis
thor kyphosis
lumb lordosis
sacral kyphosis
127
fascia function?
- healing
- mobility/stability
- elastic/contractile
128
Release Enhancing Maneuvers (REMs)?
- inhalation/exhalation
- leg extension/flexion
- arm abd/adduction
129
one hand cradles occiput, other hand on chin; exert cephalad force
cervical traction
130
one hand flexes patient's neck other hand under patient's head with palm on opposite shoulder; head is rotated towards and away from elbow of the arm under the head
unilateral fulcrum forward bending
131
arms crossed under patients head, neck is flexed for longitudinal stretch of paravertebral Ms
bilateral fulcrum forward bending
132
physician at opposite side being treated, caudad hand reaches across and contacts paravertebral Ms and cephalad hand on patients forehead; tissue engaged w/ ventral force
cervical contralateral traction
133
fingers under patient's neck bilaterally on parapsinal Ms, cephalad force applied
cervical cradling w/ traction
134
fingers placed on suboccipital region and upward pressure into tissues is applied and held
suboccipital release
135
physician opposite of prone patient, hands placed on each other on opposite muscles and engaged
prone pressure
136
physician on side of table to prone patient, one had on opposite side one hand on same side and muscles engaged in opposite directions (finger directions)
thoracic prone pressure w/ counterpressure
137
physician on side to be treated of prone patient, patients arm behind back and fingers are placed on medial border of scapula and engaged upward
subscapular stretch
138
physican at side of table to lateral recumbent patient, caudad hadn under patients arm contacting thoracic paravertebral Ms and cephalad hand contacts anterior shoulder, patients arm draped over physicians arm; ventral force engaged
upper thoracic w/ shoulder block
139
physician at side of table of lateral recumbent patient, fingers placed on thoracic paravertebral Ms and engaged w/ ventral force
lower thoracic under the shoulder
140
one hand on paravertebral Ms, one hand on ASIS for counter force
lumbar prone pressure w/ counterleverage
141
physician at side of table facing lateral recumbent patient, lumbar tissues engaged w/ lateral force creating
paraspinal perpindicular stretch
142
patient prone, physician engages back w/ ventral force in all directions and treats into or away from restriction
D/I thoracolumbar MFR
143
patient lateral recumbent, physican engages medial erector spinal muscles while spreading elbows
throacic longitudinal and lateral MFR
144
patient seated and pysicians palm on medial erector spinal msucles and other hand across patients chest and applies anterior/lateral force on back Ms while depressing shoulder
seated paraspinal lumbar MFR
145
patient prone and physician places one hand lumbar one hand sacral and moves in all directions
lumbosacral MFR
146
patient prone physicians hands placed on one another on sacral region and moved in all directions
prone I-sacral release
147
patient prone w/ arm dangling, physician engages humeral head through all motions
shoulder MFR
148
patient lateral recumbent physician caudal hand beneath axilla and grasps inferior medial scapula and cephalad hand on superior medial scapula and lateral traction applied
lateral stretch rhomboid region
149
patients hand held and other hand on elbow region and tested in all directions
elbow MFR
150
hands grasp carpal bones and tested in all directions
Still's wrist MFR
151
patient lateral recumbent and physician contacts scapula w/ both hands; ease/restriction assessed and treated
Scapulothoracic MFR
152
7 stages of movement of shoulder, patient lateral recumbent
Spencer's Technique
153
stages of Spencers Technique?
```
Extension
Flexion
Compression circumeudction
Traction circumduction
Adduction and ER
Abduction
Internal rotation
Traction w/ inferior glide
```
154
arm is tested for flexion/exension/IR/ER/ab/ad against force
GH MET treatment
155
physician engages SC joint during shrugging
SC ab/adduction diagnosis
156
physician engages SC joint during arm flex/ext
SC joint flex/extension diagnosis
157
patient supine laying on elevated surface and clavicle engaged downward
SC elevated/adducted SD joint ART
158
patient supine and SC joint engaged downward while arm is flexed and resisted
SCelevated/adducted SD joint MET
159
patient supine and pulls down on physicians shoulder while SC is engaged towards sternum
SChorizontal extension SD MET
160
physician on opposite side of SD and engages SC downward while abducting the opposite arm
SC ART
161
clavicle "step-off?"
shifted clavicle, reveals AC joint problem
162
physician monitors AC joint and patient horizontally adducts arm
Cross-Arm/Adduction test
if painful, AC or GH problem
163
patient supine and physician engages AC w/ caudad force and flexes the arm
AC joint ART for superior clavicle SD
164
normal carrying angle of elbow joint?
ecessive cubitus valgus?
cubitus varus?
gun stock deformity?
- males 5-10, females 10-15
- ECV = 30
- CV = 0
- GS = -15
165
Ulnohumeral ad/ab ROM?
5/5
166
elbow joint SDs?
in gliding motions not major motions
ulnohumeral joint is usually primary and radioulnar secondary
167
radial head movements?
anterior glide w/ supination (anterior SD = supination SD)
posterior glide w/ pronation (posterior SD = pronation SD)
168
patient supinates against force while physician resists and pushes radial head and resists
anterior radial head SD / supination MET
169
patient pronates against force against resistance and physician pushes radial head
posterior radial head SD / pronation MET
170
carpal bones movement in wrist flexion/extension?
dorsal/posterior glide in flexion
caudal/anterior glide in extension
171
fingers crossed on palm and resistance is applied while patient flexes wrist; physician allows movement
wrist isotonic MET
172
crisp end feel?
guarding of muscles
173
elastic end feel?
normal
174
empty end feel?
stopping due to pain
175
4 stages of MFR?
engage barrier
apply tx
wait for creep
reasses
176
isotonic vs isometric?
isotonic allows motion
| isometric no motion (unyielding)
177
MET vs ART
Direct/Active vs. Direct/Passive
178
Fascial Barrier
Barrier to stop at in MET
179
Spencer’s Order
.
