OSA Flashcards
(21 cards)
Two forms of sleep apnea
Obstructive (physical)
Central (CNS)
In OSA, transient obstruction of upper air prevents _______ inflow
inspiratory
common apnea in adult males; patients frequently complain of daytime sleepiness and snoring; increases with obesity and neck size
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Adenotonsilar hypertrophy is a risk factor for
OSA in kids
In OSA, drive to breath is _____, and inspiratory muscles are _____
present; active
In Central SA, drive to breath is ________, and respiratory muscles are ______
absent during apneic episode (no signal from the respiratory center); inactive
What are the night time symptoms that are the results of breathing against obstructed airway (OSA)?
snoring and other deranged sleep patterns
Production of sound (snoring) is due to…
turbulent air flow (narrowing of airway and vibration)
What are the day time symptoms that are the results of OSA?
- Hypersomnolence (car accidents)
- Headache
- Neuropsychiatric dysfunction
Complications of OSA
- respiratory acidosis (increased CO2) & Hypoxemia
- Secondary polycythemia (increased EPO release)
- Pulmonary HTN (Cor pulmonale/right heart hypertrophy)
- HTN/CAD/Diabetes/Stroke/Fatty Liver
Screening instrument used for OSA
STOP-BANG Questionnaire
What is used for OSA diagnosis?
Polysomnography (sleep study)
Greater than 90% decrease in air flow for 10 seconds
Apnea
Reduction of airflow to a degree that is insufficient to meet the criteria for an apnea
Hypoapnea
used to assess apnea severity in adults
Apnea Hypopnea Index
weight loss, position (sleep on side), alcohol and medications are ______ treatment for sleep apnea
behavioral
What treatment is very efficacious by providing positive air way pressure to keep airway open during respiration?
CPAP, BiPAP
The main difference between CPAP vs. BiPAP
CPAP (single continous pressure) vs. BiPAP (two pressure settings; pressure changes between inspiration and expiration)
oral appliances, upper airway surgery, tracheostomy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation are
alternative therapies of OSA
Crescendo-Decrescendo breathing with periods of tachypnea and hyperpnea; caused by problem with CNS or HF; respiratory rate and CO2 fluctuate and are not in sync
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Treatment for Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Supplemental Oxygen
Inc. CO2 (re-sync)
Ventilate (Bilevel PAP)
Improve heart function (rate or failure)
