OSCEs

Question 1

RMT is testing for

Answer 1

cows w/ high SCC which may be contributing to spread of mastitis in the herd

Question 2

RMT technique

Answer 2

1. Discard first few squirts of milk
2. Squirt 2-5ml of milk from each 1/4 into the separate 1/4 of the tray
3. Mix each milk sample w/ equal amounts of reagent
4. Swirl for 10-20secs
5. Degree of gelling is graded 1-3

Question 3

How do you check if a stomach tube is in place?

Answer 3

Listening for bubbles

Question 4

what size needle do you use to collect blood from the coccygeal?

Answer 4

1inch 18-20G

Question 5

what parameters can be used for cattle urine dipsticks?

Answer 5

glucose, ketones, blood, pH, proteins

Question 6

what is the limitation of dipsticks in cattle?

Answer 6

Not all ketones are detected - BHB is not detected which is the main ketone produced by cows.
Detects acetone and acetoacetate.

Question 7

Left sided ping DDx

Answer 7

LDA
Rumen gas cap
Pneumoperitoneum

Question 8

Right sided ping DDx

Answer 8

RDA/RTA
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumorectum
Pneumocolon

Question 9

Penicillin MOA

Answer 9

bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 10

Penicillin admin

Answer 10

IM

Question 11

Penicillin common uses

Answer 11

skin and soft tissue infections, post sx, calf diphtheria

Question 12

Penicillin bacterial sensitivity

Answer 12

Gram +ves (non-penicillinase producing staphs and strep + anaerobes)

Question 13

Oxytetracycline admin

Answer 13

IV or IM for long acting

Question 14

Oxytetracycline MOA

Answer 14

bacteriostatic - inhibits transcription and translation

Question 15

Oxytetracycline common use

Answer 15

Surgical prophy, actinobacillosis (wooden tongue), pneumonia, calf diphtheria, bacterial enteritis, metritis

Question 16

Oxytetracycline bacterial sensitivity

Answer 16

broad spectrum (gram +ves, gram -ves, anaerobes)

Question 17

TMS admin

Answer 17

IM

Question 18

TMS MOA

Answer 18

bactericidal - inhibits DNA synthesis and integrity

Question 19

TMS common use

Answer 19

bacterial enteritis, peritonitis, septicaemia

Question 20

TMS bacterial sensitivity

Answer 20

broad spectrum

Question 21

Florfenicol admin

Answer 21

SC or IM (not in dairy cattle)

Question 22

Florfenicol MOA

Answer 22

bacteriostatic

Question 23

Florfenicol common use

Answer 23

pneumonia, foot rot, pink eye

Question 24

Florfenicol spectrum

Answer 24

broad

Question 25

Ceftiofur MOA

Answer 25

bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 26

Ceftiofur class

Answer 26

3rd gen cephalosporin

Question 27

Ceftiofur admin

Answer 27

IM

Question 28

Ceftiofur common use

Answer 28

septicaemia, metritis, respiratory dz

Question 29

ceftiofur spectrum

Answer 29

broad

Question 30

How do you perform a grunt test in a small cow?

Answer 30

Controlled upward push with knee or closed fist of ventral abdomen caudal and slightly left of xiphoid while listening over the trachea with a stethoscope

Question 31

How do you perform a grunt test in a large cow?

Answer 31

Use a heavy pole/plank horizontally under area immediately caudal to xiphoid to provide sudden lift whilst auscult trachea

Question 32

How do you perform a pinch test?

Answer 32

strongly pinch withers over 8th thoracic vertebrae dorsally over midline while auscult over trachea

Question 33

Landmarks of a cornual nerve block

Answer 33

1. Halfway btwn lateral canthus of eye and lateral base of the horn along the frontal crest/temporal ridge 2. Insert needle into upper 1/3 of the temporal ridge immediately behind the ridge to depth of up to 1cm

Question 34

Needle size for cornual nerve block

Answer 34

2.5cm 18G

Question 35

How long is the onset of a cornual nerve block using 2% lignocaine?

Answer 35

5-10minutes

Question 36

What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a cornual nerve block?

Answer 36

5-10ml

Question 37

Describe the technique used during intravenous regional anaesthesia?

Answer 37

tourniquet is placed around the metatarsus/metacarpus and LA is injected into the vessels below the tourniquet.

Question 38

What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a intravenous regional anaesthesia?

Answer 38

Up to 30ml

Question 39

How long is the onset of intravenous regional anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine?

Answer 39

20minutes

Question 40

What are the landmarks for performing an epidural on a cow?

Answer 40

1. Between the first and 2nd coccygeal vertebrae | 2. OR in the sacro-coccygeal space (found by raising and lowering the trail and palpating for the depression)

Question 41

When would a proximal/distal paravertebral nerve block be indicated?

Answer 41

RDA/LDAs, c-sections, rumenotomys

Question 42

What volume of 2% lidocaine is used per site when performing paravertebral nerve blocks in an adult cow?

Answer 42

20ml per site; 10-15ml ventral to and 5ml dorsal to the transverse process

Question 43

At which lumbar transverse processes do you perform paravertebral nerve blocks for an RDA?

Answer 43

L1, L2 and L4

Question 44

Which nerves are block when performing an paravertebral nerve block at L1, L2 and L4?

Answer 44

Blocks nerve roots at T13, L1 and L2.

Question 45

How long is the onset of paravertebral nerve blocks using 2% lignocaine?

Answer 45

wait 15minutes to take effect