oscillations

Question 1

describe simple harmonic motion (SHM)

Answer 1

-object oscillates either side of an equilibrium point
-a restoring force is always acting on the object in the direction of the equilibrium point
-the force is proportional to the displacement, which also means the object has an acceleration proportional to the displacement

Question 2

SHM equations

Answer 2

F=-kx
a=-xw^2
angular velocity equations

Question 3

spring oscillators

Answer 3

a mass on a string oscillating by SHM

Question 4

spring oscillator time period equation

Answer 4

T=2πroot m/k

Question 5

what are spring oscillator’s time periods unaffected by

Answer 5

gravity and displacement

Question 6

pendulum oscillators

Answer 6

a mass on a string oscillating with simple harmonic motion

Question 7

pendulum oscillator time period

Answer 7

T=2πroot l/g

Question 8

what is a pendulums time period unaffected by

Answer 8

mass and displacement

Question 9

what is the gradient of a displacement time graph

Answer 9

velocity

Question 10

what is the gradient of a velocity time graph

Answer 10

acceleration

Question 11

what is energy transferred between during SHM

Answer 11

kinetic energy and potential energy

Question 12

potential energy max during SHM

Answer 12

during the maximum displacement and negative displacement

Question 13

where is kinetic energy max in SHM

Answer 13

at the point of equilibrium, where the displacement is 0

Question 14

what is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in SHM equal to

Answer 14

the total energy in the system

Question 15

what is damping

Answer 15

where energy is transferred out of a system

Question 16

what are natural causes of damping

Answer 16

friction and air resistance

Question 17

where might damping be wanted

Answer 17

spring doors, speedometers, car suspensions, swings

Question 18

types of damping

Answer 18

light damping, critical damping and over damping

Question 19

what is light damping

Answer 19

the oscillations are reduced slowly (air resistance and friction are an example)

Question 20

what is critical damping

Answer 20

stopping oscillating and returning to oscillations as soon as possible

Question 21

what is over damping

Answer 21

damping force greater than critical damping, but takes longer to return to the equilibrium position

Question 22

Types of vibrations

Answer 22

free vibrations and forced vibrations

Question 23

what are free vibrations

Answer 23

the frequency the system tends to vibrate at in a free vibration is called the natural frequency

Question 24

what is resonance

Answer 24

when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency

Question 24

what are forced vibrations

Answer 24

a driving force causes the system to vibrate at a different frequency

Question 25

what does resonance do to the amplitude

Answer 25

the amplitude of oscillations is at a max

Question 26

what does resonance do to energy

Answer 26

the rate of energy transfer is at a max

Question 27

is the driving force out of phase during resonance

Answer 27

yes, by π/2 and ahead of oscillations