Oscillations and Vibrations

Question 1

(source of sound) the back and forth motion of a mechanical object around its equilibrium position

Answer 1

oscillation or vibration

Question 2

due to the force of gravity
-pendulum
-lunar tide

Answer 2

oscillation

Question 3

due to the force of elasticity
-mass and spring system
-tuning fork

Answer 3

vibration

Question 4

pendulum swings back and forth due to the interactions between:

Answer 4

inertia and restoring force gravity

Question 5

the oscillation made by a pendulum is a sine function; therefore, the motion is often called:

Answer 5

sinusoidal motion

Question 6

pendulum travels slowest at the ___ of its swing

Answer 6

edges

Question 7

pendulum travels fastest through the ____ of its swing

Answer 7

middle

Question 8

at the the edges of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:

Answer 8

minimum velocity

Question 9

at the center of the pendulum swing, the velocity is:

Answer 9

maximum velocity

Question 10

at the edges of the swing, the acceleration is at its:

Answer 10

maximum

Question 11

at the center of the pendulum swing, acceleration is at its

Answer 11

minimum

Question 12

the motion of the pendulum is:

Answer 12

periodic

Question 13

a motion that repeats itself in regular intervals until it is stopped by external action

Answer 13

periodic motion

Question 14

the motion of the pendulum is also called

Answer 14

simple harmonic motion or sinusoidal motion

Question 15

a function representing changes of any physical quantity as a function of time

Answer 15

waveform

Question 16

waveform x-axis indicates:

Answer 16

time

Question 17

waveform y-axis indicates:

Answer 17

magnitude of a quantity (displacement, velocity, acceleration)

Question 18

one full repetition of a periodic motion

Answer 18

cycle

Question 19

the number of cycles per second, Hz

Answer 19

frequency (f)

Question 20

the time required for the completion of one cycle

Answer 20

period (T)

Question 21

time/ number of cycles

Answer 21

period (T)

Question 22

=1/T

Answer 22

frequency (f)

Question 23

=1/f

Answer 23

period (T)

Question 24

theta, indicates a particular stage in the cycle of motion using the angles from a circle as the unit of measure

Answer 24

phase

Question 25

describes the difference between the phases of two periodic waveforms as they cycle through time

Answer 25

phase relationship

Question 26

when two waveforms have the same frequency and phase

Answer 26

in-phase

Question 27

when two waveforms have the same frequency but different phase

Answer 27

out-of-phase

Question 28

an amount or quantity of something

Answer 28

magnitude

Question 29

the magnitude of a waveform at any given moment of time

Answer 29

instantaneous magnitude

Question 30

the maximum magnitude

Answer 30

amplitude (A)

Question 31

the range of magnitude changes within one period

Answer 31

peak-to-peak magnitude

Question 32

= A/ square root 2 = A x 0.707

Answer 32

RMS magnitude

Question 33

=max A - min A/ 2

Answer 33

amplitude (A)

Question 34

=max A - min A

Answer 34

peak-to-peak amplitude

Question 35

a model used to study phenomena associated with simple harmonic motion, including: -mass -stiffness -friction effects

Answer 35

mass-and-spring system

Question 36

mass will vibrate back and forth in a simple harmonic motion because of the interaction between:

Answer 36

elasticity and inertia

Question 37

no continuous exchange of energy between a vibrating system and the surrounding environment

Answer 37

free vibration

Question 38

the frequency of a free vibration system

Answer 38

resonance frequency

Question 39

the pendulum and mass-and-spring system stop moving due to:

Answer 39

friction

Question 40

a force that opposes the motion of two objects in contact

Answer 40

friction

Question 41

results in the transfer of Ek to thermal energy (heat)

Answer 41

friction

Question 42

the effect of friction on a vibrating system

Answer 42

damping

Question 43

the resulting vibration due to damping

Answer 43

damped vibration

Question 44

little friction in the system

Answer 44

minimally damped

Question 45

a lot of friction in the system

Answer 45

heavily damped

Question 46

system is ___ if the object makes only one vibration and then returns to its neutral position as fast as possible

Answer 46

critically dampled

Question 47

system is forced to vibrate by a continuous and periodic driving force

Answer 47

forced vibration

Question 48

frequency of the external driving force

Answer 48

driving frequency

Question 49

shows the amplitude of vibration as a function of frequency of the driving force

Answer 49

resonance curve