oshaztermdeck_1055287 Flashcards
(30 cards)
the toxic effects resulting from a single dose or short exposure to a substance
Acute toxicity:
a chemical that has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen. (formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde)
Carcinogen:
adverse effects resulting from repeated doses or exposures to a substance over a relatively prolonged period of time.
Chronic toxicity:
liquids having a flash point at or above 37.8C (100F)
Combustible liquid:
a substance that causes visible destruction or permanent changes in human skin tissue at the site of contact (bleach and formaldehyde)
Corrosive:
a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock (nitroglycerine)
Explosive:
example is a fixative spray (hairspray)
Flammable aerosols:
example is acetylene
Flammable gas:
example is acetone or gasoline
Flammable liquid:
example is phosphorous
Flammable solid:
a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. Also includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, nerurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Health hazards:
a chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (formaldehyde)
Irritant:
The dose required to produce the death in 50% percent of the exposed species within a specified time.
LD50 lethal dose 50:
these are dangerous fire and explosion risk (benzoyl peroxide)
Organic Peroxide:
chemicals that support combustion (bleach)
Oxidizer:
a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.
Physical hazards:
material that will ignite spontaneously in air at 130 degree F or below (calcium or titanium powder)
Pyrophoric:
a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical (formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde)
Sensitizer:
a relative property of a chemical agent and refers to a harmful effect on some biologic mechanism and the conditions under which this effect occurs.
Toxicity:
materials that self-react under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature (hydrogen cyanide)
Unstable:
materials that can react with water to form gas, either flammable or toxic (halogen gases and sulfur dioxide)
Water-reactive:
The following is a target organ categorization of effects which may occur, including examples of signs and symptoms and chemicals which have been found to cause such hazards found in the workplace, and the broad scope employers must consider in this area, but are not intended to be all-inclusive.
Target organ effects:
Chemicals which produce liver damageSigns & Symptoms: Jaundice; liver enlargementChemicals: Carbon tetrachloride; nitrosamines
Hepatotoxins:
Chemicals which produce kidney damageSigns & Symptoms: Edema; proteinuriaChemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium
Nephrotoxins:
