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INFOTECH 22 > OSI Data Link Layer > Flashcards

OSI Data Link Layer Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Allows the upper layers to access the media using techniques such as framing.
  2. Controls how data is placed onto the media and is received from the media using techniques such as media access control (MAC) and error detection.
A

Data Link Layer 2 Basic Services

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2
Q

Data Link Layer 2 Basic Services

A
  • Allows the upper layers to access the media using techniques such as framing.
  • Controls how data is placed onto the media and is received from the media using techniques such as media access control (MAC) and error detection.
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3
Q

At each hop the received frame is examined for errors, if an error is found in a frame, then the frame is ____

A

Discarded

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4
Q

The technique used for getting the frame on and off media is called_____

A

the media access method or MAC Method

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5
Q

Control information can describe the following

A
  • Which nodes are in communication with each other
  • When communication between individual nodes begins and ends
  • If errors occurred while the nodes communicated
  • Which nodes will communicate next
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6
Q

The data link layer frame includes the following elements:

A

Data, Header, Trailer

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7
Q

The packet from the network layer

____ link layer addressing is contained within the frame header and specifies the frame destination node on the local network.

A

Data

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8
Q

The control information, such as addressing, located at the beginning of the PDU

The frame ____ contains the control information specified by the data link layer protocol for the specific logical topology and media used.

A

Header

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9
Q

The control information added to the end of the PDU

Data link layer protocols add a ____ to the end of each frame.

A

Trailer

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10
Q

Typical field types include:

A
  • Start and Stop Indicator Fields
  • Addressing or naming fields
  • Type fields
  • Quality
  • Data Field
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11
Q

The beginning and end limits of the frame

A

Start and stop indicator fields

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12
Q

The destination and/or source devices

A

Addressing or naming fields

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13
Q

The type of PDU contained in the frame

A

Type field

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14
Q

The control fields

A

Quality

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15
Q

The frame payload (network layer packet)

A

Data field

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16
Q

the data link layer is embodied as a physical entity, such as an Ethernet ______, which inserts into the system bus of a computer and makes the connection between running software processes on the computer and the physical media.

A

network interface card (NIC)

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17
Q

The two common LAN sublayers are as follows:

A

Logical Link Control (LLC)
MAC

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18
Q

places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.

A

Logical Link Control (LLC)

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19
Q

provides data link layer addressing and delimiting of data according to the physical signalling requirements of the medium and the type of data link layer protocol in use.

A

MAC

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20
Q

Engineering organisations that define open standards and protocols that apply to the data link layer include:

A
  • International Organisation for Standardisation
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  • International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
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21
Q
  • Network devices take turns, in sequence, to access the
    medium.
  • Also known as scheduled access or deterministic
A

Controlled Access for Shared Media

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22
Q
  • Allow any device to try to access the medium whenever it
    has data to send.
  • Sometimes referred to as nondeterministic
A

Contention-Based Access for Shared Media

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23
Q

in Contention-Based Access, Uses a _____ process
to first detect whether the media is carrying a signal

A

carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)

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24
Q

CSMA is usually implemented in conjunction with a method for resolving the media contention.

The two commonly used methods are:

A

CSMA/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)

CSMA/Collision Avoid (CSMA/CA)

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25
The device monitors the media for the presence of a data signal.
CSMA/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
26
The device examines the media for the presence of a data signal.
CSMA/Collision Avoid (CSMA/CA)
27
In a _____, the nodes do not have to share the media with other hosts or determine whether a frame is destined for that node.
point-to-point topology
28
In _______, Ethernet has established arbitration rules for resolving conflicts arising from instances when more than one station attempts to transmit at the same time.
half-duplex communication
29
In ____, both devices can transmit and receive on the media at the same time.
full-duplex communication
30
The ____ is an arrangement of the nodes and the physical connections between them.
physical topology
31
A_____ is the way a network transfers frames from one node to the next.
logical topology
32
The logical and physical topologies typically used in networks:
- Point-to-point - Multiaccess - Ring
33
- Connects two nodes directly. * MAC protocol can be very simple. * All frames on the media can only travel to or from the two nodes.
Point-to-Point Topology
34
* Enables a number of nodes to communicate by using the same shared media. * The MAC methods used are CSMA/CD or CSMA/CA.
Multiaccess Topology
35
* Each node in turn receives a frame. * Uses a controlled MAC technique called token passing.
Ring Topology
36
3 Parts of a Frame in Data Link Layer Protocols
Header, Data, Trailer
37
Indicates the beginning of the frame
Start of Frame field
38
Indicate the source and destination nodes on the media
Source and Destination address fields
39
Indicates a particular type of communication service for processing
Priority/Quality of Service field
40
Indicates the upper-layer service contained in the frame
Type field
41
Used to establish a logical connection between nodes
Logical connection control field
42
Used to establish the media link
Physical link control field
43
Used to start and stop traffic over the media
Flow control field
44
Congestion control field
Indicates congestion in the media
45
Device addresses at this layer are referred to as ______
physical addresses
46
Typical frame trailer fields include:
Frame Check Sequence Fields Stop Field
47
Used for error checking of the frame contents.
Frame Check Sequence fields
48
Used to indicate the end of the frame. Also, can be used to increase the size of a frame to an expected fixed size or minimum size.
Stop field
49
The trailer is used to determine whether the frame arrived without error. This process is called ____.
error detection
50
____ is accomplished by placing a logical or mathematical summary of the bits that comprise the frame in the trailer.
Error detection
51
To ensure that the content of the received frame at the destination matches that of the frame that left the source node, a transmitting node creates a logical summary of the contents of the frame. This is known as the _____ value.
cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
52
The Ethernet frame field are the following:
Preamble, Destination Address, Source Address, Type, Data or payload, Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
53
Used to time synchronization; this also contains a delimiter to mark the end of the timing information.
Preamble
54
48-bit MAC address for the destination node.
Destination Address
55
Value to indicate which upper-layer protocol will receive the data afte the Ethernet process is complete.
Type
56
This is the PDU, typically an IPv4 packet, that is to be transported over the media.
Data or payload
57
A CRC value used to check for damaged frames
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
58
PPP _______ requires the nodes on each end of the PPP link to ______ in order to establish communications over a point-to-point link.
Authentication
59
PPP _______ reduces the size of a data frame transmitted over a network link.
Compression
60
PPP _____ is the method of using multiple data links to send the frames.
Multilink
61
Basic fields in a PPP frame:
Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, Data, Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
62
A single byte that indicates the beginning or end of a frame.
Flag
63
A single byte that contains the standard PPP broadcast address.
Address
64
A single byte that contains the binary sequence 00000011, which calls for transmission of user data in an unsequenced frame.
Control
65
Two bytes that identify the protocol encapsulated in the data field of the frame.
Protocol
66
Zero or more bytes that contain the datagram for the protocol specified in the protocol field.
Data
67
Normally 16 bits (2 bytes). By prior agreement, consenting PPP implementations can use a 32-bit (4-byte) FCS for improved error detection.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
68
Version of 802.11 frame in use
Protocol Version
69
Identifies one of three functions and subfunctions of the frame: control, data, and management
Type and Subtype
70
Set to 1 in data frames destined for the distribution system (devices in the wireless structure)
To DS
71
Set to 1 in data frames exiting the distribution system
From DS
72
Set to 1 for frames that have another fragment
More Fragments
73
Set to 1 if the frame is a retransmission of an earlier frame
Retry
74
Set to 1 to indicate that a node will be in power-save mode
Power Management
75
Set to 1 to indicate to a node in power-save mode that more frames are buffered for that node
More Data
76
Set to 1 if the frame contains WEP-encrypted information for security
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
77
Set to 1 in a data type frame that uses Strictly Ordered service class (does not need reordering)
Order
78
Depending on the type of frame, represents either the time, in microseconds, required to transmit the frame or an association identity (AID) for the station that transmitted the frame
Duration/ID
79
MAC address of the final destination node in the network
Destination Address (DA)
80
MAC address of the node that initiated the frame
Source Address (SA)
81
MAC address that identifies the wireless device that is the immediate recipient of the frame
Receiver Address (RA)
82
MAC address that identifies the wireless device that transmitted the frame
Transmitter Address (TA)
83
Indicates the sequence number assigned to the frame; retransmitted frames are identified by duplicate sequence numbers
Sequence Number
84
Indicates the number for each fragment of a frame
Fragment Number
85
Frame Body
Contains the information being transported; for data frames typically an IP packet
86
Contains a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the frame
FCS
87
The ____ prepares network layer packets for placement onto the physical media that transports data.
OSI data link layer
88
The wide range of data communications media requires a correspondingly wide range of____ to control data access to these media.
data link protocols
89
Media access can be orderly and controlled, or it can be contention based. The ____ and ____ help determine the media access method.
logical topology, physical medium
90

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