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Network+ > OSI MODEL > Flashcards

OSI MODEL Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Layer Characteristics

A

PDU: Bits
Protocol: Bluetooth, TIA
Devices: Cable, Hub

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2
Q

What are the 2 methods to utilize bandwidth?

A

Broadband and baseband

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3
Q

Explain broadband and baseband

A

Broadband: Like cable tv, each channel share the same bandwidth
Baseband: Like phone call, 1 phone call at a time - use reference clock to allow for synchronous communication

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4
Q

Mutiplexing

A

Simultaneous use of baseband connection

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5
Q

Hub

A

A layer 1 networking device
Single collision domain, single broadcast domain
Use half duplex for communication n CSMA/CD

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6
Q

Data Link Layer Characteristics

A

PDU: Frame
Device: Switch, NIC, Bridges
Protocols: Ethernet, PPP, ATM

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7
Q

MAC Address

A

Physical address
48-bit (12 digit hexa letter) address assigned to a NIC
First 3 pairs are vendor code

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8
Q

Logical Link Control LLC

A

Provide basic flow control, basic error control func, connection services, and ack receipt of messages
Work via MAC Address

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9
Q

How communication are synchronized at Layer 2?

A

ISOCHRONOUS, SYNCHRONOUS, and ASYNCHRONOUS

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10
Q

Isochronous

A

Network devices use a common reference clock and create time slot for transmission (less overhead compared to the other 2)

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11
Q

Synchronous

A

uses a common reference clock
have beginning and ending frames and special control characters

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12
Q

Asynchronous

A

each device uses its own internal clock
use stop and start bits

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13
Q

Network Layers Characteristics

A

PDU: Packet
Devices: Routers, multilayer switches
Protocols: IPv4, IPv6, ICMP

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14
Q

What are the 3 ways that data is routed or forwarded in layer 3?

A

Packet switching
Circuit switching
Message switching

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15
Q

Packet switching

A

data divided into packets and forwarded based on IP
keep switching packet until it reaches the final destination IP

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16
Q

Circuit switching

A

SAME PATH THE WHOLE TIME (it might changes path when session ends tho)

17
Q

Message switching

A

data divided into messages
can be stored and forwarded

18
Q

Route Discovery and Selection

A

Manually configured as a static route or dynamically thru a routing protocol

19
Q

Which path to send? (Network layer)

A

Router uses routing table to forward packets based on destination IP via protocols like EIGRP, RIP, OSPF

20
Q

Layer 3 Connection Services

A

Augment layer 2 connection services to improve reliability: flow control and packet reordering

21
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol (ping, traceroute)
send error messages and operational info to an IP destination

22
Q

Transport layer characteristics

A

PDU: Segment, Datagram
Protocol: TCP, UDP
Devices: WAN Accelerators, Load balancer, firewalls

23
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol
connection oriented - reliable
segment retransmission and flow control thru windowing
segment sequencing
acknowledging segment

24
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol
connection-less - unreiable
good for streaming video and audio
less buffering

25
Q

Windowing

A

Allows the client to adjust the amount of data in each segment
To maximize thruput and bandwidth

26
Q

Buffering

A

Occurs when devices allocate memory to store segments if bandwidth isn’t readily available

27
Q

Session Layer Characteristics

A

PDU: Data
Protocol: H.323, H.264, NetBIOS

28
Q

Session layer’ functions

A

Set up: checking user credential, assigning a number to session to identify them
Maintain: transfer data, reestablish connection, acknowledgment receipt
Close: ending a session after the transfer is done or when one of the party disconnects

29
Q

Presentation Layer Characteristics

A

PDU: Data
Protocols: POP3, IMAP, SMTP

30
Q

Application Layer’s Function

A

Provides application-level services where users communicate w computers

31
Q

Application services

A

Unite communications between components from more than one network application (POP3, IMAP, SMTP)

32
Q

Service Advertisement

A

Sending out announcements to other devices in the network to state the service they offer

33
Q

TCP FLAGS

A

SYN: Synchronize connections
ACK: Ack receipt
SYN-ACK:
FIN: Tear down connection created by 3 ways handshake
RST: Used when received unexpected packets
PSH: Give data priority
URG: Prioritize packet immediately

34
Q

Ethernet MTU

A

1500 Bytes

Network+ (3 decks)

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