OSI model & TCP/IP -- layering

Question 1

what does the OSI model stand for?

Answer 1

Open Systems Interconnection

Question 2

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that describes _____ or ______ systems as seven layers, each with its own function.

Answer 2

networking, telecommunication

Question 3

how do the layers help?

Answer 3

they help network professionals visualize what’s going on within their networks and how to narrow down problems

Question 4

what are the 7 layers in order?

Answer 4

physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application

Question 5

the ____ layer is the one that most users interact with. it provides network services to the end user. it receives information directly from users and displays incoming data to the user. Web browsers reside here.

Answer 5

application

Question 6

the _____ layer converts data from one format to another. it “presents” data for the application or the network. this information is sent to the session layer EX) encryption & decryption of data

Answer 6

presentation

Question 7

the ____ layer creates a session so that two computers on different networks can talk to each other. this data is passed to or from the transport layer

Answer 7

session

Question 8

the ____ layer is responsible for the transmission of data across network connections. EX) TCP & UDP

Answer 8

transport

Question 9

the ____ layer takes care of packet forwarding, including routing through different routers. it handles the routing of the data, sending it to the correct destination EX) TCP/IP

Answer 9

network

Question 10

the ____ ____ layer provides node-to-node data transfer and handles error correction from the physical later. they’re split up into sublayers called MAC or Logical Link Control (LLC) considered the most complex layers

Answer 10

data link

Question 11

the ____ layer represents the electrical and physical representation of the system. This includes cable type, radio frequency, voltages, etc.

Answer 11

physical

Question 12

what is one way to remember the OSI model?

Answer 12

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Question 13

what are the two popular network models that are based on the concept of layering?

Answer 13

OSI & TCP/IP model

Question 14

_____ divides tasks into sub-tasks and then solve each sub-task independently. This establishes a well defined interface between the layers, making porting easier.

Answer 14

layering

Question 15

what are the 2 advantages to layering?

Answer 15

code reuse, extensibility

Question 16

what is a real world example of layering?

Answer 16

There’s a letter in an envelope with an address on the outside. the Fed ex man adds addressing information and barcode. the local office then delivers it to the hub where it’s sent via airplane to the nearest city. it’s then delivered to the right post office then the person

Question 17

what are the upper layers of the OSI model that are called the Application Layers?

Answer 17

Application, Presentation, Session

Question 18

what are the lower layers of the OSI model that are called the Data-Flow Layers?

Answer 18

Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical

Question 19

each layer needs to add some ___ information to the data in order to do it’s jov

Answer 19

control

Question 20

a ____ address is used to send messages from one host to all other hosts on a network

Answer 20

broadcasts

Question 21

a ____ is an agreed upon convention for communication.

Answer 21

protocol

Question 22

____ protocols describe the communication between layers on the same endpoint

Answer 22

interface

Question 23

___-to-____ protocols describe communication between peers at the same layer

Answer 23

peer

Question 24

which layers of the TCP/IP model contain protocols ?

Answer 24

application and transport layers

Question 25

which layers of the TCP/IP model contain networks ?

Answer 25

Internet & network access layers

Question 26

which model combines presentation and session layers into its application layer?

Answer 26

TCP/IP

Question 27

which model combines the OSI data link and physical layers into on e layer?

Answer 27

TCP/IP

Question 28

which model appears to be simpler because of its fewer layers?

Answer 28

TCP/IP

Question 29

which model’s transport layer uses UDP but doesn’t always guarantee reliable delivery of packets

Answer 29

TCP/IP

Question 30

a ____ is an executable file

Answer 30

program

Question 31

a ____ or ____ is an instance of a program that’s being executed

Answer 31

process, task

Question 32

a ____ ___ can generate multiple processes

Answer 32

single program

Question 33

a ____ is a process, not a machine. it wait for a request from a client

Answer 33

server

Question 34

a ___ is a process that sends a request to an existing server and waits for a reply

Answer 34

client

Question 35

what are the 2 types of servers?

Answer 35

Iterative, Concurrent

Question 36

____ servers handle many clients at a time

Answer 36

concurrent

Question 37

____ servers handle one client at a time

Answer 37

iterative

Question 38

TCP/IP uses an abstract destination point called a _____port

Answer 38

protocol

Question 39

____ is a method of bundling data and methods that work within one unit.

Answer 39

encapsulation

Question 40

which layer is responsible for encapsulation?

Answer 40

physical layer