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Network+ - N10-009 > OSI Model (& TCP Model Ports Protocol) > Flashcards

OSI Model (& TCP Model Ports Protocol) Flashcards

Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (52 cards)

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1
Q

What does OSI stand for?

A

Open Systems Interconnection

Developed in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization.

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2
Q

Why is the OSI model used?

A

To categorize the functions of a network and assist in troubleshooting.

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3
Q

How do you call the first layer of the OSI model?

A

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

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4
Q

How do you call the second layer of the OSI model?

A

Data Link (Layer 2)

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5
Q

How do you call the third layer of the OSI model?

A

Network (Layer 3)

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6
Q

How do you call the fourth layer of the OSI model?

A

Transport (Layer 4)

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7
Q

How do you call the fifth layer of the OSI model?

A

Session (Layer 5)

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8
Q

How do you call the sixth layer of the OSI model?

A

Presentation - Layer 6

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9
Q

How do you call the seventh layer of the OSI model?

A

Application (Layer 7)

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10
Q

How do you name each of the different data names as it flows through the OSI model?

A
  • Bits (Layer 1)
  • Frames (Layer 2)
  • Packets (Layer 3)
  • Segments (Layer 4)
  • Data (Layer 5, 6, 7)
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11
Q

How are specific type of data utilized at Layer 1 of the OSI model?

A

Binary Bits (binary of 1s and 0s) because the computer actually reads in bits

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12
Q

How are the connections within a a Physical layer?

A

With physical and electrical network characteristics

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13
Q

How do you describe transition modulation in layer 1?

A

Modulation converts digital data from user equipment into signals suitable for transmission over the communication channel (session layer).

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14
Q

Why is conversion important within a transition modulation method within Layer 1?

A

Since digital data consists of binary values (0s and 1s), this conversion allows the data to be transmitted using different physical properties, such as voltage levels, light pulses, or radio waves

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15
Q

How do bits define within a physical connection in a transition modulation?

A

Switching between levels to represent 1 or 0

● Copper Wire (Cat5/Cat6) – Uses voltage (0V for 0, +5V/-5V for 1)
● Fiber Optic Cable – Uses light (on for 1, off for 0)

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16
Q

How do you describe a crossover cable connection?

A

TIA/EIA-568A on one end, and TIA/EIA-568B on the other end

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17
Q

How do you describe a straight-through cable connection?

A

TIA/EIA-568B on both ends

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18
Q

What are the two types of cable configurations mentioned?

A
  • Crossover cables
  • Straight-through cables
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19
Q

How many physical topologies are there and describe them all?

A

BUS
RING
STAR
HUB-and-SPOKE
FULL MESH
PARTIAL MESH

All based how cables are connected on the physical layer

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20
Q

How do you name the types of synchronization communications in a physical layer?

A

Asynchronous and Synchronous

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21
Q

How do you define Asynchronous Communication?

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A

Start and stop bits for out-of-sync data transmission.

22
Q

How do you define Synchronous Communication?

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A

Real-time communication using a common time source

23
Q

How do you name the different types of Bandwidth Utilization within a physical layer?

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A

Broadband and Baseband

24
Q

How do you describe a broadband connection?

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A

Divides the bandwidth into separate channels (ex: cable TV)

25
How do you describe a baseband connection?
Uses all frequency of the cable all the time (e.g., telephone, internet)
26
How does multiplexing work within a physical layer?
Limited amount of resource and using it more frequently (multiple people use baseband connection at the same time)
27
How do you describe all of the types of multiplexing methods?
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (StatTDM) Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
28
How does Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) work within the Physical layer?
Allocates dedicated time slots
29
How does Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (StaTDM) work within the Physical layer?
Dynamically allocates time slots based on when people need it
30
How does Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) work?
Divides the medium into channels
31
How do you describe all Layer 1 devices?
■ Cables – media ● Fiber optic ● Ethernet ● Coaxial ■ Wireless Media ● Bluetooth ● Wi-Fi ● Near field communicatio ■ Infrastructure Devices ● Hubs ● Access points ● Media converters
32
What is the primary function of Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)?
Packaging bits into frames and transmitting them across the network.
33
What does MAC stand for in networking?
Media Access Control
34
How many bits are in a MAC address?
48 bits
35
What is the basic form of flow control in Layer 2?
Logical Link Control (LLC)
36
What is the most commonly used method for routing data at Layer 3?
Packet Switching (Routing)
37
What are the two main protocols in Layer 4?
* TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) * UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
38
What is a key difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is reliable and connection-oriented, while UDP is unreliable and connectionless.
39
What is the function of the Session Layer (Layer 5)?
Manages sessions and ensures separate conversations to prevent data intermingling.
40
What is the role of the Presentation Layer (Layer 6)?
Formatting data for exchange and securing it through encryption.
41
What does encapsulation refer to in the context of the OSI model?
The process of putting headers and sometimes trailers around data.
42
What is the PDU for Layer 3?
Packets
43
What is the maximum size for an Ethernet payload?
1500 bytes
44
What is the purpose of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
To send error messages and operational information to an IP destination.
45
What does the acronym TLS stand for?
Transport Layer Security
46
True or False: UDP uses a three-way handshake.
False
47
Fill in the blank: The Layer 4 data type for TCP is called a _______.
Segment
48
What type of address does the IP layer use?
Logical Addressing
49
What are the two common IP variants?
* IPv4 * IPv6
50
What does the Ethernet header contain?
* Destination MAC Address * Source MAC Address * EtherType field
51
What is the function of a router?
To route and forward traffic using logical addresses.
52
What is a significant feature of multi-layer switches?
Combines Layer 2 switch and Layer 3 router features.

Network+ - N10-009 (2 decks)

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