Osmosis, Diffusion, Active Transport

Question 1

Why can’t plant cells burst

Answer 1

Because they have cell walls

Question 2

What is the concentration gradient of Osmosis

Answer 2

High water potential to Low water potential

Question 3

What is osmosis

Answer 3

The overall movement of water molecules from a high to low water potential across a semi permeable membrane

Question 4

What are the small dots

Answer 4

Water molecules

Question 5

What are the bigger dots

Answer 5

Sugar molecules

Question 6

What is the word to describe an plant cell which pressure has increased

Answer 6

Turgor pressure to then turgid

Question 7

What do plants do when there cells have become flaccid ( due to a lack of turgor pressure )

Answer 7

They wilt

Question 8

What happens when there is a decrease in turgor pressure in a plant cell

Answer 8

It becomes plasmalysed

Question 9

Why does a plant cell become turgid and why does a plant cell become flaccid or plasmalysed

Answer 9

It becomes turgid Because the plant cell has a LOWER water potential than the solution it is in and vis Verda for when it becomes flaccid or plasmalysed

Question 10

What happens when the solution has the same water potential as the the plant cell

Answer 10

The cell remains the same

Question 11

When the water potential in the solution is higher than a red blood cell what happens to it

Answer 11

It swells and may burst. This is called lysis

Question 12

What happens when then water potential in the solution is lower than the cell

Answer 12

It crinkles up/ it becomes crenated

Question 13

What is active transport

Answer 13

Is the net movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. A protein carrier in the membrane carries the molecules across

Question 14

What does active transport allow cells to do

Answer 14

It allows cell to move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 15

What does active transport require

Answer 15

ATP ( energy )

Question 16

When concentration gradient does active transport move in

Answer 16

Low to high concentration

Question 17

How does it work

Answer 17

1. ) a potassium particle attaches to the carrier protein
2. ) the carrier protein uses energy to change shape
3. ) the potassium particle moves inside the the cell

Question 18

Fact

Answer 18

Active transport pumps particles against a concentration gradient

Question 19

What part of the cell produces ATP

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

What are 2 plant cells

Answer 20

Pallaside cells and Root hair cells

Question 21

What helps replace, repair, grow, asexual reproduction

Answer 21

Mitosis

Question 22

What must happen before a cell divides

Answer 22

DNA must replicate

Question 23

How do they divide

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

What type of organism Differentiates

Answer 24

Multicellular organisms

Question 25

What is the function of pallaside cells

Answer 25

Photosynthesis

Question 26

How have palisade cells been specialised

Answer 26

1. ) near surface of leaf 2. ) packed full of chloroplast 3. ) keeps regular shape

Question 27

How have root hair cells been specialised

Answer 27

Larger surface area so that they can get more nutrients from the soil

Question 28

What happens when a cell is specialised

Answer 28

It’s structure changes so that it is better adapted to perform its function

Question 29

What is an alternative option instead of using embryonic stem cells

Answer 29

Adult stem cells from bone marrow

Question 30

What can Embryonic stem cells do

Answer 30

They can change into anything whereas adult stem cells can only change into few different types of cell

Question 31

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 31

Meristem cells which have a thinner wall so they can divide. These are found in ; shoots or flowers, root tip.

Question 32

Why do meristems divide

Answer 32

To make the stem thicker

Question 33

Why can’t differentiated plant cells divide

Answer 33

Thick cell wall

Question 34

Cell division steps

Answer 34

1. ) 2 strands separate 2. ) this exposes the bases ( A,C,G,T) 3. ) free nucleotides line up using the base pairing rules 4. ) the nucleotides are joined into 2 new strands of DNA

Question 35

What is mitosis

Answer 35

A form of cell division

Question 36

Mitosis steps

Answer 36

1. ) DNA is replicated 2. ) Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell 3. ) the replicated double chromosomes ( still one though ) split. 4. ) the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes 5. ) then you have 2 new genetically identical “daughter” cells

Question 37

What is the definition of diffusion

Answer 37

The net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration