Osseous Tissue Flashcards by Enide Clerizier

the most durable remains of a once-living body.

bones and teeth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the study of bone

osteology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the skeletal system made up of

bones, cartilages, and ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Covers many joint surfaces of mature bone

Cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hold bones together at joints

ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

attach muscle to bone

tendons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

calcification

the hardening process of bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of the Skeleton

support
protection
movement
Electrolyte balance
Acid–base balance
Blood formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals.

Bone (osseous tissue)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bones are classified by what

-Shape
-Organization of Internal Tissue
-Markings or features on bone surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of bones by shape

flat
long
short
Irregular bones
Sutural bones
Sesamoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bones that develop within the tendons usually found near the joints.

sesamoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin, curved plates; protect soft organs.

flat bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Longer than wide; rigid levers acted upon by muscles; crucial for movement.

long bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Approximately equal in length and width; glide across one another in multiple directions.

short bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elaborate shapes that do not fit into other categories.

irregular bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bones found in between the sutures of the skull.

Sutural bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of flat bones

roof of skull
sternum
ribs
scapulae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of long bones

arm
forearm
thigh
leg
palms
soles
fingers
toes
femur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the largest and heaviest bone In the body.

femur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of sesamoid bones

knee
hands
feet.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

example of Irregular Bones

vertebrae
pelvis
several bones in the skull

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

example of short bones

carpal bones (wrists)
tarsal bones (ankles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense outer shell of bone

Compact bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense or cortical

compact

loosely organized bone tissue

spongy bone

cancellous

spongy

Found in center of ends and center of shafts of long bones and in middle of nearly all others.

spongy bone

shaft that provides leverage

diaphysis

space in the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

Marrow cavity (medullary cavity)

Contains hematopoietic tissue that produces blood cells. It is found in nearly every bone in a child.

red marrow

found in adults. It is a fatty marrow that does not produce blood.

Yellow marrow

enlarged ends of a long bone. strengthen joint and anchor ligaments and tendons.

Epiphysis

the middle where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meets

Metaphysis

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers joint surface; allows bones to move freely at the joint.

Articular cartilage

minute holes in bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate.

Nutrient foramina

external sheath covering most of bone made up of an

Periosteum

thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining marrow cavity. It contains cells that dissolve osseous tissue and others that deposit it.

Endosteum

found in adults, a bony scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

Epiphysial line

area of hyaline cartilage that separates epiphyses and diaphyses of children’s bones. Enables growth in length.

Epiphysial plate (growth plate)

what is apart of long bones anatomy

diaphysis epiphysis metaphysis

The shaft of a long bone which is made up of compact or dense bone. The central space is called the medullary (marrow) cavity.

Diaphysis

The wide part at the ends of long bones. Made up of a spongy (cancellous) bone surrounded by compact bone.

Epiphysis

Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meets.

Metaphysis

Sandwich-like construction with two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone (diploe). Both surfaces covered with periosteum. Absorbs shock with marrow spaces lined with endosteum.

Flat bone

Four principal types of bone cells

- Osteogenic cells - Osteoblasts - Osteocytes - Osteoclasts

stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

osteogenic cells

immature bone cell that secretes osteoid the organic component of bone matrix

osteoblast

mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

osteocyte

bone-dissolving cells found on bone surface

osteoclast

architecture of bone determined by mechanical stresses placed on it. Remodeling is a collaborative and precise action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bony processes grow larger in response to mechanical stress.

Wolff's law of bone

what are the components of bony matrix

inorganic commitment water organic component

explain the arrangement of the compact bone

closely packed osteons or haversian systems

functional unit of compact bone

osteon

tiny cavities where osteocytes reside

lacunae

little channels that connect lacunae

canaliculi

allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.

central (harvesian) canal

surround a central (haversian) canal running longitudinally.

concentric lamellae

transverse or diagonal passages.

Perforating canals

the formation of bone

Ossification or osteogenesis

Two mechanisms of bone formation

Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification

Produces flat bones of skull, clavicle, and part of the mandible in fetus. Thickens long bones throughout life.

Intramembranous ossification

Bones originate as hyaline cartilage. Produce long bones.

Endochondral ossification

cartilage transitions to bone

Epiphysial plate

Functions as growth zone where bone elongates

Epiphysial plate

growth from within

interstitial growth

occurs at bone surface. Continual growth in diameter and thickness.

Appositional growth

process in which calcium, phosphate, and other ions are taken from blood and deposited in bone. Osteoblasts produce collagen fibers that spiral the length of the osteon.

Mineral deposition

process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood. Performed by osteoclasts at ruffled border.

Mineral resorption

depends on a balance between dietary intake, urinary and fecal losses, and exchanges between osseous tissue

Calcium homeostasis

Calcium homeostasis is regulated by three hormones

Calcitriol calcitonin parathyroid hormone

most active form of vitamin D

calcitriol

is a hormone that raises blood calcium level

calcitriol

secreted by parathyroid glands on posterior surface of thyroid

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

secreted by C cells (clear cells) of thyroid gland when blood calcium levels rise too high

calcitonin

Other Factors Affecting Bone

- age - hormones - anabolic steroids

cause growth to stop

Anabolic steroids

break caused by abnormal trauma to teh bone

fracture

break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone

Stress fracture

break in a bone weakened by disease (such as bone cancer or osteoporosis)

Pathological fracture

explain the process of fracture repair

1. Hematoma formation 2. Soft callus formation 3. Hard callus formation 4. Bone remodeling

the most common bone disease

osteoporosis

Osseous Tissue Flashcards

(82 cards)