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Anatomy 101 > Ostelogy of the Thorax > Flashcards

Ostelogy of the Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the osteology of the Thorax

A
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
  • Thoracic Vertebrae
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2
Q

How many ribs does a human body have

A

12 pair

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3
Q

How can ribs be classified

A
  • Attachment

- Feature

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4
Q

Which ribs are known as true/VERTEBROSTERNAL ribs and why?

A

Ribs 1-7

The ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebrae and anteriorly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage.

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5
Q

Which ribs are known as false/VERTEBROCHONDRAL ribs and why?

A

Ribs 8-10

-The ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebrae and anteriorly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib 7.

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6
Q

What are floating/VERTEBRAL ribs name them?

A

These are ribs that only attach posteriorly to the vertebrae

and these are ribs 11 and 12.

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7
Q

Which ribs are considered typical ribs and what are the features?

A

Ribs 3 to 9

  • head( 2 articular facets)
  • neck
  • tubercle (Non-articular and articular)
  • costal angle
  • costal groove
  • body (2 boarders and 2 surfaces)
  • anterior end
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8
Q

What are the 2 borders of a typical rib

A
  • rounded superior border

- sharp inferior boarder

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9
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of a typical rib

A
  • convex external surface

- concave internal surface

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10
Q

which ribs are Atypical

A

Ribs 1,2,10,11 and 12

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11
Q

Features of an atypical rib 1

A

-head( 1 facet)
-neck
-tubercle
-costal angle
(coincide)
-body( 2 boarders and 2 surfaces)

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12
Q

how many grooves does superior surface have and what for.

A

2 grooves

  • For the subclavian artery
  • For the subclavian vein
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13
Q

What is the main atypical feature for rib 2

A

tuberosity for serratus

anterior muscle on the superior surface

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14
Q

How many facets does the head of rib 10 have

A

ONE

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15
Q

What are the features of ribs 11-10

A
  • head with one facet
  • no neck
  • no tubercle
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16
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are typical

A

T5-T8

17
Q

Features of a typical thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Body
  • vertebral foramen
  • transverse process
  • spinous process
  • Articular processes
18
Q

Describe the body of the typical thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Heart-shaped

- bears costal facets for articulation with head of rib

19
Q

Describe the vertebral foramen

A

small and circular

20
Q

What does the transverse process contain

A

contains costal facets for articulation with tubercles of rib

21
Q

Describe the spinous process

A

thin, long and directed postero-inferiorly

22
Q

Describe the articular processes

A

superior - directed posterolaterally

Inferior-directed anteromedially

23
Q

How many parts does the sternum have and name them

A

3 parts

  • Manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
24
Q

Describe the Manubrium

A
  • jugular notch
  • clavicle notch
  • facet for the 1st costal cartilage
  • demifacet for the 2nd costal cartilage
25
Q

Describe the body of the sternum

A
  • Demifacet for 2nd costal cartilage
  • Demifacet for 7th costal cartilage
  • Facets for costal cartilages 3 to 6
26
Q

What does the xiphoid process have

A

Demifacet for 7th costal cartilage

27
Q

List the posterior joints of the thorax

A
  • Costovertebral joint

- Costotransverse joint

28
Q

Describe the articular surface and type of joint of the 1. Costovertebral 2. Costotransverse joint.

A
  1. Articular surface- facets on the head of the rib and thoracic vertebral body.
    Type- Synovial plane
  2. Articular surface- articular part off tubercle of the rib
    - costal facet on transverse process of thoracic
    vertebra.
    Type- Synovial, plane
29
Q

Describe the articular surface and type of joint of 1. Costochondral joint 2. Sternochondral joint 3. Interchondral joint

A
  1. Articular surface- anterior end of the rib
    - costal cartilage
    Type of joint- primary cartilaginous joint
  2. Articular surface- facets of the lateral margin of sternum
    - costal cartilage of ribs 1 to 7
    Type of joint- 1st sternochondral joint is a synchondrosis
    -2nd to 7th sternochondral joint is a synovial plane
  3. Articular surface- between the tips of costal cartilages of ribs 6, 7,
    8, 9 and 10,
    Type of joint- between ribs 6 to9 its a synovial plane
    - between ribs 9 and 10 its fibrous
30
Q

Name the joints of the sternum

A
  • Manubriosternal joint

- Xiphisternal joint

31
Q

Describe the Manubriosternal joint

A
  • Articular surface: interior end of manubrium
    - superior end of the body of the sternum
  • Type of joint: secondary cartilagenous
32
Q

Describe the xiphisternal joint

A
  • Articular surfaces:-inferior end of the body of sternum
    - superior part of xiphoid process
  • Type of joint: primary cartilagenous
33
Q

Describe the ossification of a thorax

A

The primary ossification center appears in the shaft at 8 intrauterine
The secondary ossification center appears in the head, articular part of the tubercle, and non-articular part of the tubercle. Appears around puberty. Epiphysis unites about 20yrs

34
Q

superior thoracic aperture aka. thoracic inlet

A

Smaller, oblique, kidney-shaped
opening that allows communication
with the neck and upper limbs

35
Q

What are the BOUNDARIES of the thoracic outlet

A

-Posteriorly: vertebra T1
-Laterally: 1st pair of ribs and their
costal cartilages.
-Anteriorly: by the superior border of
the manubrium.

36
Q

inferior thoracic aperture aka thoracic outlet

A

-Large opening
-closed off by the diaphragm, separating the
thorax from the abdomen

37
Q

what are the Boundaries of the thoracic outlet

A

-Posteriorly: vertebra T12
-Posterolaterally: 11th and 12th pairs of
ribs
-Anterolaterally: by the joined costal
cartilages of ribs 7-10, forming the costal
margins
-Anteriorly: by the xiphisternal joint

38
Q

Definition of Anatomists

A

refer to the superior
thoracic aperture as the thoracic inlet
because it allows for the entry of air
and food into the thorax

39
Q

Why do Clinicians refer to a superior thoracic aperture as a thoracic outlet

A

because
arteries and T1 spinal nerves emerge
from the thorax through this aperture to
enter the lower neck and upper limbs

Anatomy 101 (6 decks)

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