Ostelogy of the Thorax Flashcards by Nonhle Buhle

What are the 3 bones that make up the osteology of the Thorax

Ribs
Sternum
Thoracic Vertebrae

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How many ribs does a human body have

12 pair

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How can ribs be classified

Attachment

- Feature

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Which ribs are known as true/VERTEBROSTERNAL ribs and why?

Ribs 1-7

The ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebrae and anteriorly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage.

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Which ribs are known as false/VERTEBROCHONDRAL ribs and why?

Ribs 8-10

-The ribs attach posteriorly to the vertebrae and anteriorly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib 7.

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What are floating/VERTEBRAL ribs name them?

These are ribs that only attach posteriorly to the vertebrae

and these are ribs 11 and 12.

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Which ribs are considered typical ribs and what are the features?

Ribs 3 to 9

head( 2 articular facets)
neck
tubercle (Non-articular and articular)
costal angle
costal groove
body (2 boarders and 2 surfaces)
anterior end

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What are the 2 borders of a typical rib

rounded superior border

- sharp inferior boarder

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What are the 2 surfaces of a typical rib

convex external surface

- concave internal surface

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which ribs are Atypical

Ribs 1,2,10,11 and 12

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Features of an atypical rib 1

-head( 1 facet)
-neck
-tubercle
-costal angle
(coincide)
-body( 2 boarders and 2 surfaces)

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how many grooves does superior surface have and what for.

2 grooves

For the subclavian artery
For the subclavian vein

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What is the main atypical feature for rib 2

tuberosity for serratus

anterior muscle on the superior surface

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How many facets does the head of rib 10 have

ONE

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What are the features of ribs 11-10

head with one facet
no neck
no tubercle

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Which thoracic vertebrae are typical

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T5-T8

Features of a typical thoracic vertebrae

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Body
vertebral foramen
transverse process
spinous process
Articular processes

Describe the body of the typical thoracic vertebrae

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Heart-shaped

- bears costal facets for articulation with head of rib

Describe the vertebral foramen

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small and circular

What does the transverse process contain

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contains costal facets for articulation with tubercles of rib

Describe the spinous process

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thin, long and directed postero-inferiorly

Describe the articular processes

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superior - directed posterolaterally

Inferior-directed anteromedially

How many parts does the sternum have and name them

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3 parts

Manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Describe the Manubrium

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jugular notch
clavicle notch
facet for the 1st costal cartilage
demifacet for the 2nd costal cartilage

Describe the body of the sternum

- Demifacet for 2nd costal cartilage - Demifacet for 7th costal cartilage - Facets for costal cartilages 3 to 6

What does the xiphoid process have

Demifacet for 7th costal cartilage

List the posterior joints of the thorax

- Costovertebral joint | - Costotransverse joint

Describe the articular surface and type of joint of the 1. Costovertebral 2. Costotransverse joint.

1. Articular surface- facets on the head of the rib and thoracic vertebral body. Type- Synovial plane 2. Articular surface- articular part off tubercle of the rib - costal facet on transverse process of thoracic vertebra. Type- Synovial, plane

Describe the articular surface and type of joint of 1. Costochondral joint 2. Sternochondral joint 3. Interchondral joint

1. Articular surface- anterior end of the rib - costal cartilage Type of joint- primary cartilaginous joint 2. Articular surface- facets of the lateral margin of sternum - costal cartilage of ribs 1 to 7 Type of joint- 1st sternochondral joint is a synchondrosis -2nd to 7th sternochondral joint is a synovial plane 3. Articular surface- between the tips of costal cartilages of ribs 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, Type of joint- between ribs 6 to9 its a synovial plane - between ribs 9 and 10 its fibrous

Name the joints of the sternum

- Manubriosternal joint | - Xiphisternal joint

Describe the Manubriosternal joint

- Articular surface: interior end of manubrium - superior end of the body of the sternum - Type of joint: secondary cartilagenous

Describe the xiphisternal joint

- Articular surfaces:-inferior end of the body of sternum - superior part of xiphoid process - Type of joint: primary cartilagenous

Describe the ossification of a thorax

The primary ossification center appears in the shaft at 8 intrauterine The secondary ossification center appears in the head, articular part of the tubercle, and non-articular part of the tubercle. Appears around puberty. Epiphysis unites about 20yrs

superior thoracic aperture aka. thoracic inlet

Smaller, oblique, kidney-shaped opening that allows communication with the neck and upper limbs

What are the BOUNDARIES of the thoracic outlet

-Posteriorly: vertebra T1 -Laterally: 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages. -Anteriorly: by the superior border of the manubrium.

inferior thoracic aperture aka thoracic outlet

-Large opening -closed off by the diaphragm, separating the thorax from the abdomen

what are the Boundaries of the thoracic outlet

-Posteriorly: vertebra T12 -Posterolaterally: 11th and 12th pairs of ribs -Anterolaterally: by the joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10, forming the costal margins -Anteriorly: by the xiphisternal joint

Definition of Anatomists

refer to the superior thoracic aperture as the thoracic inlet because it allows for the entry of air and food into the thorax

Why do Clinicians refer to a superior thoracic aperture as a thoracic outlet

because arteries and T1 spinal nerves emerge from the thorax through this aperture to enter the lower neck and upper limbs

Ostelogy of the Thorax Flashcards

(39 cards)