Osteoarthritis Flashcards
this is the most common type of arthritis. it has a negative impact on physical function. it is the leading cause of disability in the elderly. affects the hip, knee, first NTP, cervical and lumbosacral spine and usually spares the wrist, elbow and ankle
osteoarthritis
what is it called when severe osteoarthritis of the hands affects the DISTAL interphalangeal joints
Heberdens nodes
what is it called when severe osteoarthritis of the hands affects the PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints
Bouchards nodes
true or false: osteoarthritis is more common in women
true
this is joint failure, a disease in which all structure of the joint have undergone pathologic change. characterized by
- hyaline articular cartilage loss
- increasing thickness and sclerosis of the subchondral bony plate
- outgrowth of osteophytes at the joint margain
- stretching the articular capsule
- variable degrees of synovitis
- weakness of muscles bridging the joint
- meniscal degeneration in the knees
osteoarthritis
what are some joint protective mechanisms?
- joint capsule and ligaments (fixes range of motion)
- synovial fluid (reduces friction - protector against friction-induced cartilage wear)
- sensory afferents (prevent overstretch, etc. - if feel pain body will stop so don’t cause more damage)
- muscles and tendons (minimizes focal stress across the joint)
what are some systemic risk factors affecting joint vulnerability
- increased age
- female
- racial/ethinc factors
- genetics (GDF5 gene)
- nutritional factors
what are some intrinsic joint vulnerabilities
- previous damage
- increased bone density
- malalignment
does this describe varus or valgus malalignment: stress is places across the medial compartment of the knee
varus
does this describe varus or valgus malalignment: stress is placed across the lateral compartment of the knee
valgus
this is a rare condition which the ball-shaped head of the thigh bone (femoral head) temporally loses its blood supply, therefore the head of the thighbone collapses and the area becomes inflamed and irritated
legg-calve-perthes disease
this occurs when the hip socket doesn’t develop properly and is too shallow to cover the head of the thigh bone (femoral head) completely
congenital hip dysplasia
this is a disorder of adolescents which the growth plate is damaged and the femoral head moves (slips) which respect to the rest of the femur
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
this is made of type II collagen which shock absorbs therefore it has a protective effect
cartilage
osteoarthritic process: ________ causes the release of cytokines, DAMP, etc which activates chondrocytes
synovitis