Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

this is the most common type of arthritis. it has a negative impact on physical function. it is the leading cause of disability in the elderly. affects the hip, knee, first NTP, cervical and lumbosacral spine and usually spares the wrist, elbow and ankle

A

osteoarthritis

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2
Q

what is it called when severe osteoarthritis of the hands affects the DISTAL interphalangeal joints

A

Heberdens nodes

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3
Q

what is it called when severe osteoarthritis of the hands affects the PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints

A

Bouchards nodes

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4
Q

true or false: osteoarthritis is more common in women

A

true

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5
Q

this is joint failure, a disease in which all structure of the joint have undergone pathologic change. characterized by
- hyaline articular cartilage loss
- increasing thickness and sclerosis of the subchondral bony plate
- outgrowth of osteophytes at the joint margain
- stretching the articular capsule
- variable degrees of synovitis
- weakness of muscles bridging the joint
- meniscal degeneration in the knees

A

osteoarthritis

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6
Q

what are some joint protective mechanisms?

A
  • joint capsule and ligaments (fixes range of motion)
  • synovial fluid (reduces friction - protector against friction-induced cartilage wear)
  • sensory afferents (prevent overstretch, etc. - if feel pain body will stop so don’t cause more damage)
  • muscles and tendons (minimizes focal stress across the joint)
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7
Q

what are some systemic risk factors affecting joint vulnerability

A
  • increased age
  • female
  • racial/ethinc factors
  • genetics (GDF5 gene)
  • nutritional factors
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8
Q

what are some intrinsic joint vulnerabilities

A
  • previous damage
  • increased bone density
  • malalignment
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9
Q

does this describe varus or valgus malalignment: stress is places across the medial compartment of the knee

A

varus

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10
Q

does this describe varus or valgus malalignment: stress is placed across the lateral compartment of the knee

A

valgus

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11
Q

this is a rare condition which the ball-shaped head of the thigh bone (femoral head) temporally loses its blood supply, therefore the head of the thighbone collapses and the area becomes inflamed and irritated

A

legg-calve-perthes disease

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12
Q

this occurs when the hip socket doesn’t develop properly and is too shallow to cover the head of the thigh bone (femoral head) completely

A

congenital hip dysplasia

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13
Q

this is a disorder of adolescents which the growth plate is damaged and the femoral head moves (slips) which respect to the rest of the femur

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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14
Q

this is made of type II collagen which shock absorbs therefore it has a protective effect

A

cartilage

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15
Q

osteoarthritic process: ________ causes the release of cytokines, DAMP, etc which activates chondrocytes

A

synovitis

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16
Q

osteoarthritic process: chondrocytes produce matrix molecules. bone invasion occurs through the calcified cartilage, triggered by _________________

A

vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF)

17
Q

sources of pain in OA likely arises from structures _________ (inside/outside) the cartilage because the cartilage has no nerves

A

outside (e.g. bursae, synovium, muscles, joint capsule)

18
Q

what are some early clinical presentations of OA

A

activity related pain
- walking, going up stairs, etc
- pain in hands when cooking

19
Q

what are some clinical presentation in later stages of OA

A
  • continuous pain
  • brief morning sickness
  • buckling, catching, locking
  • bursitis
20
Q

this is a benign bone tumour, that form on top of your existing bone tissue; they’re bumps that grown out of one of your bones

A

exostosis