Osteoarthritis Flashcards
(43 cards)
what is arthritis?
inflammation of one or more joints
what does arthritis cause?
Pain
Swelling
Stiffness
Limited movement
what type of arthritis is Osteoarthritis?
Degenerative Joint Disease
why are ends of bones free to move in synovial joints?
b/c no connective tissue directly connects adjacent bony surfaces
Bones are INDIRECTLY connected by the JOINT CAPSULE that encloses joint
what are the features of a synovial joint?
2 layered joint capsule Joint cavity enclosed by capsule Synovial TISSUE lines inner surface of capsule Synovial FLUID over joint surfaces Hyaline cartilage covers bone ends
what are the roles of ligaments and tendons?
Keep joints together, guide motion
what limits excessive joint separation?
PASSIVE TENSION of Ligaments, Fiborous capsule, Tendons (passive stability)
ACTIVE TENSION Provided by muscles (dynamic stability)
what are the “A-B-C’s” of synovial joint x-rays?
A = Alignment according to normal anatomy B = Bone Density should be opaque/solid whitenot spotty C= Cartilage (space btwn bones is even)
how is osteoarthritis initiated?
local deterioration of cartilage and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage, hypertrophy & remodeling of sub- chondral bone with a secondary inflammation of the synovial membrane
what are incidence types of OA?
Primary (Idiopathic, genetic)
Secondary (due to injury)
what are OA risk factors?
Increasing age Genetics Obesity Repetitive Stress Occupation Sports Injury Crystalline deposit disease Previous inflammatory disease Metabolic abnormalities
what are the modifiable risk factors of OA?
Excess body weight
Joint injury
Occupation
Structural mal-alignment or muscle weakness
what are the non-modifiable risk factors of OA?
Gender (women)
Age (older)
Race (non-Asian)
Genetic predisposition
what are causes of primary development of OA?
Excessive load on normal bone, cartilage
Normal aging resulting from metabolic, genetic, chemical & mechanical factors
what are causes of secondary development of OA?
Load on joint that is inferior or previously injured
Follows identifiable pre-disposing event (Trauma, Congenital deformity, Obesity)
why are older people likely to develop OA?
Cartilage has a very limited ability to regenerate, therefore degeneration process is irreversible & progressive
What is the order of affected structures in OA?
cartilage—>subchondral bone—>soft tissues
how does cartilage wear down?
Matrix of cartilage lessen with age
As matrix deteriorates, collagen fibers become shredded
Result: collagen is less effective shock absorber and lubricated surface
what % of people over age of 50 demonstrate OA?
80%
what are signs and symptoms of degenerative joint disease?
achy joint pain exacerbated by extensive use
Aggravated by movement (friction effect) –>Reduced ROM & crepitus
Stiffness during rest (articular gelling)
pain on rest
Tenderness
what is crepitus?
ROM no longer smooth: squeaking, creaking, grating
Joint stiffness after period of rest: “articular gelling”
As ROM decreases so does pain but will lead to stiff joints
what is swelling?
Moderate joint effusion but little synovial swelling
what are examples of swelling?
Heberdon’s nodes on DIP joints
Bouchard’s nodes on PIP joints
who is more likely to exhibit heberdon’s nodes?
women
