Osteoarthritis Flashcards
what is osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease
what are the different forms of osteoarthritis
primary and secondary forms
what does this degenerative disease cause in the joints
loss of cartilage and subchondral bone
affects non bearing joints too
usually non inflammatory damage
Etiology of the primary form
idiopathic (but we know better)
wear and tear with aging
genetic predisposition (must be a mutated gene that codes for a protein that maintains and repairs)
Aetiology of secondary forms
injury
obesity
(adipose has metabolic affects on the joints)
physiologic factors
chondrocytes maintain cartilage
articular cartilage is smooth with a fluid so no friction occurs and dissipates force to the point (not the joint)
what happens when there is chondrocyte damage
they are unable to heal cartilage
Patho
composition and propertied of cartilage change - chondrocytes release cytokines - proteases - enzymatic break down of cartilage
cartilage deteriorates - unprotected bone - sclerosis of bone (stiffening)
what forms as an attempt to grow new bone
osteophytes
osteophytes cause the joint to ….
enlarge and deform
what are osteophytes otherwise known as
lesions
Manifestations
non localized aching pain
later on…
activity related, weight bearing joint pain
crepitus (sound when bone and joint cause friction)
stiff and inflamed joints
Diagnosis
Hx, Px
xray (late stages)
labs: to eliminate other join problems ( like septic arthritis found as a complication from gonorrhoea )
treatment
mono therapy PRN Tylenol for pain Cox 2 inhibitors steroids via intra articular injection rehab to work surrounding muscle surgery to replace join
what is the Cox 2 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase: formation of prostaglandins which mediate pain
