Osteoarthritis Flashcards Preview

Musculoskeletal > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Osteoarthritis Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are the 5 characteristics

A

articular cartilage thinning or loss loss of joint space osteophytes sclerosis subchondral cysts

2
Q

what are risk factors

A

age, obesity, injury, musce weakness, proprioceptive defects, genetics, acromegaly, joint inflammation or crystal deposition

3
Q

what type of OA are the different leg deformities associated with

A

genu varum = medial OA genu valgum = lateral OA

4
Q

what causes it

A

can be idiopathic but also secondary to risk factors above

5
Q

what are non specific symptoms

A

pain (relieved by rest but this may progress to not) crepitus joint swelling - bony enlargement due to osteophytes joint tenderness and effusion

6
Q

what are hand specific symptoms

A

DIP, PIP and 1st CMC joints mainly bony enlargements may be seen at DIPs (heberdens nodes) or PIPs (bouchards nodes) squaring of hands

7
Q

what are knee specific symptoms

A

osteophytes effusions crepitus restriction of movement genu varus or valgus deformities bakers cyst in popliteal fossa

8
Q

what are hip specific symptoms

A

pain may be felt in groin or radiating to knee pain felt in hip may be radiating from lower back hip movements restricted

9
Q

what are spine specific symptoms

A

cervical - pain and restriction of neck movement lumbar - pain on standing or walking for some time osteophytes can cause spinal stenosis if encroach on spinal canal or pinch on nerve root

10
Q

how is it diagnosed

A

clinical and radiological: loss of joint space subchondral sclerosis subchondral cysts osteophytes

11
Q

what is the radiographic grading scale used to determine severity

A

Kellgren-Lawrence scale

12
Q

what is 0 on kellgren-lawrence scale

A

no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis

13
Q

what is 1 on kellgren-lawrence scale

A

minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significance

14
Q

what is 2 on kellgren-lawrence scale

A

definite osteophytes with unimpaired joint space

15
Q

what is 3 on kellgren-lawrence scale

A

definite osteophytes with moderate joint space narrowing

16
Q

what is 4 on kellgren-lawrence scale

A

definite osteophytes with severe joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis

17
Q

can some natural improvements occur

A

yes small joints of hands - pain often improves over 2 years knees - 1/3 improve, 1/3 stable, 1/3 get worse hips - 10% come off surgery list as get better

18
Q

what is non-pharmacological management

A

explanation = not because of normal use physiotherapy = muscle strengthening common sense = weight loss, exercise, trainers, walking stick

19
Q

what is pharmacological management

A

analgesia = paracetomal, compound or topical analgesics NSAIDs = topical or systemic pain modulators = tricyclics (amytriptyline), anti convulsants (gabapentin) intra articular steroids = hyaluronic acid

20
Q

what is surgical management

A

arthroscopic washout loose body surgery soft tissue trimming joint replacement