Osteoarthritis Flashcards Preview

MSK- Clinical correlates > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Osteoarthritis Deck (11)
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1
Q

classification

A

can be primary or secondary

2
Q

1) Primary

A
  • Cause unknown
  • Risk factors
    • Age
    • Sex
    • Ethnicity
    • Nutrition
    • Genetics
3
Q

2) Secondary

A
  • Obesity
  • Trauma (sports and occupational risk factors
  • Malalignment e.g. developmental dysplasia
  • Infection
  • Inflammatory arthritis e.g. rheumatoid arthritis
  • Metabolic disorders affecting the joint e.g. gout
  • Haematological disorders e.g. haemophilia with bleeding in the joint
  • Endocrine abnormalities e.g. diabetes mellitus with neurovascular impairment
4
Q

Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip

A
  • Joint stiffness after getting out of bed or sitting for a long time
  • Pain, swelling or tenderness in hip joint
  • Crepitus- sound or feeling (crunchy) of bone rubbing against bone
  • Reduced ability to move the hip to perform routine activities
5
Q

Pathology of osteoarthritis

A
  • Precipitating risk factors (e.g. obesity, trauma) lead to excessive loading of joint and damage to articular cartilage
  • Increased proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes
    • Initial attempt to repair cartilage damage
  • Flaking and fibrillation of articular cartilage
  • Erosion of cartilage down to subchondral bone (below cartilage)
    • Reduced joint space on X-ray
6
Q

Altered joint biomechanics leads to:

A
  • Vascular invasion and increased cellularity of subchondral bone (subchondral sclerosis (stiffing of tissue)
  • Cystic degeneration if bone
  • Osseous metaplasia of connective tissue (osteophytes)
7
Q

Radiological features of osteoarthritis

A
  1. Reduced joint space
  2. Cysts noted in bone of femur head
  3. Sclerosis of bone
  4. Loss of joint space
8
Q

OA hip is diagnosed on

A

clinical presentation (symptoms and signs) supported by radiography (X-rays)

9
Q

treatment: non-operative

A
  • Activity modification
  • Weight loss
  • Stick/walker
  • Physiotherapy
  • Medication
    • NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen)
    • CO-2 inhibitors (celecoxib)
    • Nutritional supplement (glucosamine)
  • Injections
    • Corticosteroid
    • Viscosupplementation (artificial synovial fluid)
10
Q

Viscosupplementation

A

(artificial synovial fluid)

11
Q

surgical procedure

A

repalcement of joint

  • reduce pain
  • improved well being of patinet