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Anatomy > Osteology - Neck, Thorax, and Abdomen > Flashcards

Osteology - Neck, Thorax, and Abdomen Flashcards

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1
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4
Q

What runs through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral Artery, Vein, and Nerve

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5
Q

What do the transverse processes of C3-C6 exhibit?

A
  • Dorsal tubercle - caudodorsal branch
  • Ventral tubercle - cranioventral branch (known as ventral lamina in C6)
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6
Q

What is the ventral tubercle of the transverse process of C6 termed?

A

Ventral Lamina

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7
Q

Atlas:

Lateral vertebral foramen

A

Foramen that communicates with the vertebral foramen. It transmits the first cervical spinal nerve.

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8
Q

Atlas:

Wings

A

Well-developed transverse processes

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9
Q

Atlas:

Alar foramen

A

Foramen in the wing of the atlas in ungulates that transmits the ventral branch of the first cervical spinal nerve.

In carnivores, there is no alar foramen, instead there is an alar notch.

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10
Q

Atlas:

Atlantal fossa

A

The concavity in the ventral surface of the wing

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11
Q

Atlas:

Cranial articular fovea

A

Surface that articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull.

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12
Q

Atlas:

Caudal articular fovea

A

Surface that articulates with the cranial articular processes of the axis.

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13
Q

Atlas:

Ventral Arch –> Fovea Dentis + Ventral Tubercle

A
  • Fovea Dentis: articular surface for the dens of the axis on the dorsal surface of the ventral arch
  • Ventral Tubercle: prominence on which the longus colli muscles attach
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14
Q

Atlas:

Dorsal Arch –> dorsal tubercle

A

Dorsal tubercle:
vestige of a spinous process on which the rectus capitis dorsalis minor muscles attach

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15
Q

Atlas:

Transverse Foramen in regards to ruminants and the horse

A

Not present in the atlas of ruminants, but it is present in the atlas of a horse.

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16
Q
A
  1. Intervetebral foramina
  2. Ventral Lamina
  3. Caudal costal fovea
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17
Q

Axis:

Dens

A

The cranial projection from the vertebral body; articulates with the fovea dentis of the atlas.

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18
Q

Axis:

Lateral Vertebral Foramen

A

Foramen, present in ungulates, that communicates with the vertebral foramen. It transmits the second cervical spinal nerve.

In carnivores, the foramen is replaced by a cranial vertebral notch.

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19
Q

C6 Ventral Lamina

A

The well-developed sagittal plate of the transverse process of C6. It serves as a radiographic landmark. It is poorly developed in the horse compared to other domestic mammals.

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20
Q

Caudal Costal Fovea

A

The depressions, one on each side, in the vertebral body of C7 for the heads of the first pair of ribs.

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21
Q

Does C7 include a transverse foramen?

A

No

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22
Q
A
  1. Wing
  2. Alar foramen
  3. Lateral vertebral foramen
  4. Dorsal tubercle
  5. Transverse foramen
  6. Dorsal arch
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23
Q
A
  1. Cranial articular fovea
  2. Atlantal fossa
  3. Ventral tubercle
  4. Ventral arch
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24
Q
A
  1. Vertebral Foramen
  2. Fovea Dentis
  3. Caudal articular fovea
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25
Atlas of the Ox
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1. Lateral vertebral foramen 2. Dens 3. Cranial articular process 4. Transverse process 5. Caudal articular process
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Thoracic Vertebrae are characterized by:
Short bodies Short transverse processes Long spinous processes
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Thoracic Vertebrae: Cranial costal fovea Caudal costal fovea
all thoracic vertebrae except for the most caudal, possess a pair of depressions on the cranial end of the vertebral body and a pair of depressions on the caudal end of the vertebral body for articulation with the heads of ribs Last thoracic vertebra only has cranial costal foveae
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Thoracic Vertebrae: Costal fovea of the transverse process
Depressions on the trasverse processes of thoracic vertebra that articulate with the tubercle of the rib.
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Thoracic vertebrae: Anticlinal Vertebra
First vertebra in the caudal thoracic or lumbar region whose spinous process is perpendicular to the body. The spinous process of the rpeceding vertebrae incline caudally.
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Mamillary processes
Small projections for the attachment of epaxial muscles. They are present on all vertebrae except for the cervical vertebrae and the first few thoracic vertebrae. Initially, mammillary processes are located on the transverse processes, but shift to the cranial articular processes in the caudal thoracic region. They remain associated with the cranial articular processes throughout the lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae.
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1. Cranial Costal fovea 2. Caudal costal fovea 4. Costal fovea of transverse process 5. Mamillary process 6. Lateral vertebral foramen 7. Cranial articular process
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2. Caudal costal fovea 3. Transverse process 4. Costal fovea of the transverse process 5. Mamillary process 8. Caudal articular process
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Lumbar vertebrae are characterized by:
Long transverse processes
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What is special about the transverse processes of the horse in the last two or three lumbar vertebrae?
The transverse processes of the last two or three lumbar vertebrae articulate with each other, and the transverse processes of the last (6th) lumbar vertebra also articulate with the wings of the sacrum.
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1. Mamillary process 2. Transverse process 3. Cranial articular process
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1. Mammillary process 4. Caudal articular process
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The thoracic skeleton is also known as \_\_\_\_\_, and consists of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Thoracic skeleton = bony thorax Consists of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
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Thoracic cavity
Space enclosed by thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
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Thoracic inlet = cranial thoracic aperture
Cranial opening, bounded by the manubrium of the strenum, first pair of ribs, and first thoracic vertebrae.
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Thoracic outlet = caudal thoracic aperture
Caudal opening of the thoracic cavity
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The strenum consists of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Bony segements known as sternebrae, united by intervening cartilages or fused by synostoses.
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How can you know the number of sternebrae in a given species?
The number of sternebrae in each species is one less than the number of sternal ribs. Dog and cat have 8 strenabrae Horse, ox, and sheep have 7 sternabrea. Goat and pig have 6 sternabrea.
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Manubrium
Cranial end of the strnum, or the first strenebra if the sternebrae are not fused.
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Xiphoid process
Caudal end of the strenum, or the last strenebra if the strenebrae are not fused.
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Xiphoid cartilage
Caudal continuation of the xiphoid process.
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1. Thoracic inlet 2. Thoracic outlet 3. Thoracic vertebrae 4. Sternebrae 5. Manubrium 6. Xiphoid process 7. Xiophoid cartilage
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Os Costale
Dorsal bony part of the rib.
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Costal cartilage
Ventral cartilage of the rib
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Sternal Ribs
Ribs connected directly with the sternum
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Asternal ribs
Ribs connected indirectly to the sternum
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Floating Ribs
Ribs with free (unattahced) ventral ends
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Ribs: Head
The head of the os costale articulates with the cranial costal fovea of the thoracic vertebra of the same number and with the caudal costal fovea of the preceding vertebra.
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Ribs: Neck
The narrow segment between the head and the tubercle
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Ribs: Tubercle
Articulates with the costal fovea of the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number.
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Ribs: Costal sulcus
Groove on the medial surface near the caudal border in which the intercostal A., V., and N. are located
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Ribs: Intercostal space
The space between two consecutive ribs on the same side.
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Ribs: Costal arch
Formed by the costal cartilages of the last sternal rib and the asternal ribs.
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1. Os costale 2. Costal cartilage 3. Head 4. Neck 5. Tubercle
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Vertebral Formula for *Equus caballus*
C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd20
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Vertebral formula fo *Bos taurus* and *Bos indicus*
C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd20
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Vertebral formula for *Ovis aries* and *Capra hircus*
C7 T13 L6-7 S4 Cd 16-18
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Vertebral formula for *Sus scrofa domestica*
C7 T14 L6-7 S4 Cd 20
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Vertebral formula of *Canis familiaris* and *Felis catus*
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd20-24
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Axial Skeleton consists of:
Skull + hyoid apparatus Vertebral Column (vertebrae) Ribs Sternum

Anatomy (16 decks)

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