Osteology Notes Flashcards
What are the functions of the bones?
support for the body
protection for vital structures
movement
mineral storage
blood production
What are the types of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular
Long bones
tube shape
ex. femur, tibia, fibula
Short bones
cube shape
ex. ankle & wrist
Flat bones
plate like & serves protective functions
skull, rib, & scapula
Irregular bones
vary shapes
bones of face + vertabrae
What are the 2 functional parts of a human skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Axial Skeleton
bones of head, neck, and vartabrae, sternum and rib cage
80 bones
supports and protects organs in the posterior and anterior body cavities
Provides surface area for muscle attachment
Appendicular Skeleton
bones of the upper & lower limbs including shoulders
provide movement
126 bones
What are the 2 main parts of bones (osseus tissue)
Compact bone & spongy bone
Compact bone
hard, densely packed outer layer
provides strength for weight bearing
has many canals that contain blood vessels + nerves
Spongy bone
lies deep to the compact bone
weaker part of bone + where bone marrow is found
made up of lots of open space
stores the bone marrow (red - blood cells, yellow (fat stored)
most active marrow is found in cranium, sternum, scapula, pelvis, ribs, and vertabrae
Cartilage
covers the end of bones
tough, fibrous connective tissue mixed with gel-like substance
softer than bone
stops bone from rubbing together + act like cushion to absorb shock
What are the 3 types of bone cells
osteoblasts - build new bone
osteoclasts - dissolve and remove old bone
osteocytes - carry nutrients from blood and waste products away from the bone
Remodelling
process of old bone tissue being replaced by new bone tissues
