OSTEOLOGY OF LOWER LIMB (PARTS OF A DEVELOPING LONG BONE)

Question 1

What is the primary function of long bones?

Answer 1

To support the weight of the body and facilitate movement.

Question 2

True or False: Long bones are primarily composed of cartilage in their early development.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?

Answer 3

Diaphysis.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The ends of a long bone are called ______.

Answer 4

Epiphyses.

Question 5

What type of tissue primarily makes up the epiphysis of a developing long bone?

Answer 5

Spongy bone.

Question 6

What is the name of the growth plate found in long bones?

Answer 6

Epiphyseal plate.

Question 7

What is the role of the periosteum in long bones?

Answer 7

It provides a surface for muscle attachment and contains blood vessels and nerves.

Question 8

True or False: The medullary cavity is found within the diaphysis of a long bone.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What is the function of the medullary cavity?

Answer 9

To store bone marrow.

Question 10

Which type of bone marrow is primarily involved in the production of blood cells?

Answer 10

Red bone marrow.

Question 11

What type of bone is primarily found in the diaphysis of a long bone?

Answer 11

Compact bone.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The outer layer of a long bone is covered by a membrane called the ______.

Answer 12

Periosteum.

Question 13

What is the primary mineral found in the matrix of bone?

Answer 13

Calcium phosphate.

Question 14

True or False: Osteoblasts are responsible for bone resorption.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 15

To break down bone tissue.

Question 16

Which cells are responsible for the formation of new bone?

Answer 16

Osteoblasts.

Question 17

What is the term for the process of bone formation?

Answer 17

Ossification.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone is known as ______.

Answer 18

Endochondral ossification.

Question 19

What is the role of chondrocytes in developing long bones?

Answer 19

To produce cartilage.

Question 20

True or False: Long bones continue to grow in length until adulthood.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

What is the significance of the epiphyseal line?

Answer 21

It indicates the completion of bone growth.

Question 22

What happens to the epiphyseal plate during puberty?

Answer 22

It begins to close and is replaced by bone.

Question 23

What is the term for the end of a long bone that articulates with other bones?

Answer 23

Articular surface.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The inner surface of the medullary cavity is lined by a tissue called ______.

Answer 24

Endosteum.

Question 25

What type of bone structure is characterized by a honeycomb-like appearance?

Answer 25

Spongy bone.

Question 26

True or False: The periosteum is involved in the healing process of bones.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

What are the small channels that connect osteocytes called?

Answer 27

Canaliculi.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The primary purpose of the nutrient artery is to supply ______ to the bone.

Answer 28

Blood.

Question 29

What is the primary type of cartilage found in the growth plate?

Answer 29

Hyaline cartilage.

Question 30

What is the term used to describe the process of bone remodeling?

Answer 30

Bone turnover.

Question 31

True or False: Long bones are formed entirely from cartilage before birth.

Answer 31

False.

Question 32

What role do osteocytes play in bone maintenance?

Answer 32

They help to maintain bone tissue and communicate with other bone cells.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The strength of a long bone is largely due to its ______ structure.

Answer 33

Compact.

Question 34

What is the primary function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 34

To reduce friction and absorb shock at joint surfaces.

Question 35

What process allows for the increase in bone width?

Answer 35

Appositional growth.

Question 36

True or False: Cartilage remains in some areas of the long bone throughout life.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What type of bone is found primarily in the epiphysis of long bones?

Answer 37

Spongy bone.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The ______ provides the framework for the attachment of muscles to bones.

Answer 38

Periosteum.

Question 39

What is the role of growth hormone in bone development?

Answer 39

It stimulates growth and development of bone and cartilage.

Question 40

What is the term for the area where two bones meet in a joint?

Answer 40

Articulation.

Question 41

True or False: The diaphysis is the site of hematopoiesis.

Answer 41

False.

Question 42

What is the primary function of the medullary cavity?

Answer 42

To store fat in yellow bone marrow.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone.

Answer 43

Periosteum.

Question 44

What is the term for the process of bone formation from fibrous tissue?

Answer 44

Intramembranous ossification.

Question 45

True or False: Long bones can only grow in length.

Answer 45

False.

Question 46

What is the role of calcitonin in bone health?

Answer 46

It helps to lower blood calcium levels by promoting bone formation.

Question 47

What is the name of the cavity that contains bone marrow?

Answer 47

Medullary cavity.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The ______ allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste between bone cells and blood.

Answer 48

Canaliculi.

Question 49

What is the primary role of the endosteum?

Answer 49

To line the medullary cavity and support bone growth and repair.

Question 50

True or False: Long bones are only found in the limbs.

Answer 50

True.

Question 51

What is the term for the process by which bones heal after a fracture?

Answer 51

Bone healing process.

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of the long bone where growth occurs during childhood.

Answer 52

Epiphyseal plate.

Question 53

What is the main component of the bone matrix?

Answer 53

Collagen fibers and mineral salts.

Question 54

True or False: Osteoblasts can transform into osteocytes.

Answer 54

True.

Question 55

What structure connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis?

Answer 55

Metaphysis.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the long bone that is responsible for its strength and rigidity.

Answer 56

Diaphysis.

Question 57

What type of cells are involved in bone resorption?

Answer 57

Osteoclasts.

Question 58

True or False: The epiphyseal plate is present in fully grown adults.

Answer 58

False.

Question 59

What is the primary purpose of spongy bone?

Answer 59

To provide strength while minimizing weight.

Question 60

Fill in the blank: The ______ serves as the site of muscle and ligament attachment.

Answer 60

Periosteum.

Question 61

What is the significance of the nutrient foramina?

Answer 61

They allow blood vessels to enter the bone.