Osteomyelitis Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is osteomyelitis?
It is defined as a condition in which there is infection of bone and bone marrow
Which bones tend to be affected by osteomyelitis?
Long Bones
Which region of bones tend to be affected by osteomyelitis?
Myelitis = Metaphysis
What are the two classifications of osteomyelitis?
Haematogenous Osteomyelitis
Non-Haematogenous Osteomyelitis
What is haematogenous osteomyelitis?
It is defined as bone infection, which is introduced through the blood, after entering the body through another route
What is non-haematogenous osteomyelitis?
It is defined as bone infection, which is related to contiguous spread of infection from adjacent soft tissues or from direct injury/trauma
What eleven risk factors are associated with osteomyelitis?
Children < 10 Years Old
Male Gender
Open Bone Fracture
Orthopaedic Surgery
Immunocompromised
Diabetes Mellitus
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Sickle Cell Anaemia
HIV Infection
Tuberculosis
Intravenous Drug User
What are the six clinical features of osteomyelitis?
Fever > 38C
Bone Pain
Limb Swelling
Limb Erythema
Limb Warmth
Inability To Weight Bear
What five investigations are used to diagnose osteomyelitis?
Blood Tests
Blood Culture
X-Ray Scans
MRI Scans
Bone Biopsy
What three blood test results indicate osteomyelitis?
Increased WBC Levels
Increased CRP Levels
Increased ESR Levels
How are blood cultures used to diagnose osteomyelitis?
They are used to identify the causative organism, in order to guide antibiotic management
What is the most common infective organism of osteomyelitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most common infective organism of osteomyelitis - in sickle cell anaemia?
Salmonella species
What are the three features of osteomyelitis on x-ray scans?
Focal Bony Cortex Lysis
Periosteal Reactions
Periosteal New-Bone Formation
What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose osteomyelitis?
MRI Scans
What are the two features of osteomyelitis on MRI scans?
Bone Marrow Oedema
Cortical Bone Destruction
How are bone biopsies used to diagnose osteomyelitis?
They are used to identify the causative organism, in order to guide antibiotic management
What are the two pharmacological management options of osteomyelitis?
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Macrolide Antibiotics
When are beta-lactam antibiotics used to diagnose osteomyelitis?
They are the first line pharmacological management option
Name a beta-lactam antibiotic used to manage osteomyelitis
Flucloxacillin
When are macrolide antibiotics used to manage osteomyelitis?
They are the second line pharmacological management option
Name a macrolide antibiotic used to manage osteomyelitis
Clindamycin
Describe the antibiotic course used to manage osteomyelitis
They are administered IV for a prolonged course of 4 – 6 weeks
What is the surgical management option of osteomyelitis?
Drainage & Debridement
