Osteopathic Skills Quiz 1

Question 1

Somatic Dysfunction?

Answer 1

Somatic dysfunction is the impaired or
altered function of related components
of the somatic system: skeletal,
arthrodial, and myofascial structures,
and related vascular, lymphatic, and
neural elements

Question 2

TART

Answer 2

 Tissue texture changes
 Asymmetry
 Restriction of motion
 Tenderness

Question 3

Tone

Answer 3

Normal feel of muscle in the relaxed state.
Contrast with hypertonicity (at the extreme =
spastic paralysis) or hypotonicity (aka flaccid
paralysis when no tone at all).

Question 4

Range of Motion (ROM)

Answer 4

 Active
 The patient demonstrates the activity
 Most Tables of ROM are ‘Active ROM’ or
AROM
 Passive
 The patient is NOT active, completely passive
 The examiner takes the relaxed

 Requires the patient to use their own
muscles, agonists and antagonists, to
achieve the desired motion
 Because both sets of muscles are in use,
the range of motion is LESS than PROM
 Also must have the understanding and
cooperation of the person examined
---
PASSIVE RANGE OF MOTION
 Does NOT require the participation of the
patient. Patient should be completely
relaxed
 Because NO muscles are in use (ideally)
there are no muscular restrictions, only
ligaments to stop motion
 The range of motion is GREATER than
AROM

Question 5

END FEEL

Answer 5

The palpatory experience or
perceived quality of motion when a joint is
moved to its limit – a barrier is approached

Question 6

Anatomic Barrier

Answer 6

The limit of motion imposed by
anatomic structure; just beyond the limit
of passive range of motion
Paraphrase: the point past which tissue
disruption occurs

Question 7

Physiologic Barrier

Answer 7

Physiologic Barrier: The limit of active
motion, can increase range of motion
by warm up activities
Paraphrase: as far as you can go by
yourself

Question 8

Restrictive Barrier

Answer 8

a functional limit
within the anatomic range of motion,
which abnormally diminishes the normal
range of motion
Paraphrase: Cannot achieve full range
of motion. Something (muscle
contraction, tight ligament, other) is
preventing normal range of motion

Question 9

Elastic Barrier

Answer 9

the range between the
physiologic and anatomic barrier of
motion in which passive ligamentous
stretching occurs before tissue
disruption
Paraphrase: the stretch between active
and passive range of motion. Often the
area that a “warm up” affects

Question 10

Somatic Dysfunctions are named for

Answer 10

“Where they like to live”
 Position of ease
 If a body segment freely rotates to the left, but
is restricted to the right - The dysfunction is
named: Rotated Left

Question 11

Contraction

Answer 11

Normal tone of a muscle when it shortens or is

activated against resistance

Question 12

Contracture

Answer 12

Abnormal shortening of a muscle due to fibrosis.
Most often in the tissue itself, often result of
chronic condition. Muscle is no longer able to
reach its full normal length

Question 13

Spasm

Answer 13

Abnormal contraction maintained beyond
physiologic need. Most often sudden and
involuntary muscular contraction that results in
abnormal motion and is usually accompanied by
pain and restriction of normal function.

Question 14

Bogginess

Answer 14

Increased fluid in a hypertonic muscle. Similar to

a wet sponge.

Question 15

Ropiness

Answer 15

Hard, firm, rope-like or cord-like muscle tone.

Usually indicates a chronic condition.

Question 16

Linkage

Answer 16

Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding
structures
—
By linking multiple structures together you will get increased
ROM
 Shoulder-spine
 Spine-hip/pelvis

Question 17

Cervical Spine

Answer 17

 Passive Rotation = 70-90 deg each way
 Whole Rotation Motion = 140-180 deg
 Passive Sidebending = 20-45 deg each way
 Whole Sidebending = 40-90 deg
 Flexion = chin to chest (45-90)
 Extension = 45-90 deg
 Whole motion flex/ext = 90-180 deg

Question 18

Shoulder

Answer 18

 Active Flexion = 180 deg
 Active Extension = 60 deg
 Active Abduction = 180 deg
 Active Horiz Adduction = 40-50 deg OR 130-140
 Active Horiz Abduction=130 –145 deg OR 40 - 55
 Active External Rotation = 90 deg
 Active Internal Rotation = 90 deg

Question 19

Forearm

Answer 19

 Active Pronation = 90 deg

 Active Supinatinon = 90 deg

Question 20

Wrist

Answer 20

 Active Flexion = 80-90 deg
 Active Extension = 70 deg
 Active Abduction = 20-30 deg
 Active Adduction = 30-40 deg

Question 21

Hip

Answer 21

 Active Flexion w/knee straight = 90 deg
 Active Flexion w/knee flexed = 120 – 135 deg
 Active Extension = 15 – 30 deg
 Passive External Rotation = 40-60 deg
 Passive Internal Rotation = 30-40 deg
 Passive Abduction
 knee extended = 45-50 deg (knee in flexion = 30-50)
 Passive Adduction
 knee extended= 20-30 deg (knee in flexion = 60-70)

Question 22

Heat receptors

Answer 22

lie deep in your hand so the
ulnar/ dorsal aspect where the skin is thinner
than on the palms should be used to test
temperature changes

Question 23

Touch receptors

Answer 23

are most numerous in the pads
of the fingers making these the most
sensitive areas

Question 24

subcutaneous

fascia

Answer 24

second layer of tissue

Question 25

Khyphosis

Answer 25

Kyphosis (from Greek κυφός kyphos, a hump), refers to the normal convex curvature of the spine as it occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions.[1][2] Inward concave curving of the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine is called lordosis.

Question 26

Lordosis

Answer 26

The term lordosis refers to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine.

Question 27

Soft Tissue

Answer 27

– Large amount of inflammatory reactions take place here – Large amount of nociceptor receptors are found here