Osteopathy in the Cranial Field

Question 1

dynamic unit of function

Answer 1

neural system continuous
CT continuous
fluids continuous

Question 2

Dr. Sutherland

Answer 2

looked at skull

• like gills of fish
• mobility for respiratory mechanism

Question 3

skull bones beveled

Answer 3

like gills of fish

Question 4

squamoparietal suture

Answer 4

nicely beveled

Question 5

primary respiratory mechanism

Answer 5

primary - underlying all physio functions

respiratory - cellular respiration

mechanism - cranial articulations

Question 6

5 tenets of PRM

Answer 6

1 - flucuations of CSF and potency of tide
2 - mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and function of reciprocal tension membrane
3 - inherent mobility of CNS
4 - articular mobility of cranial bones
5 - involuntary mobility of sacrum between the ilia

Question 7

1st tenet of PRM

Answer 7

flucuations of CSF and potency of tide

circulation and flucuation

• 70% choroid plexi
• 30% CSF extracellular fluid moves into subarachnoid space

Question 8

foramen of magendie and luschka

Answer 8

intraventricular and subarachnoid space connections

Question 9

pacchionian granulations

Answer 9

arachnoid

-channels for CSF to venous flow

Question 10

cranial rhythmic impulse

Answer 10

CSF fluctuation two characteristics:
1. physical potency/energy that acts through body (hydrodynamic mechanism)

2. electrical potential acting in positive and negative phases

fluid flow AND electrical property

Question 11

rate of CRI**

Answer 11

occurs 10-14 cycles per minute in normal adults

Question 12

second tenet of PRM

Answer 12

mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes and function of reciprocal tension membrane

-dura mater to straight sinus

Question 13

sutherland fulcrum

Answer 13

straight sinus

-origin of the dura

Question 14

reciprocal tension membrane

Answer 14

function:

-partition, support, shock absorb, stress-meeting

Question 15

dura

Answer 15

continuous with periostium of calvarium

-forms falxes and tentorium

Question 16

attachments of falx cerebri

Answer 16

• crista galli of ethmoid
• frontal bones along metopic suture
• parietal bone along sagittal suture
• occiput
• tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

crista galli

Answer 17

ethmoid bone

attachment of falx cerebelli

Question 18

metopic suture

Answer 18

frontal bone

attachment of falx cerebri

Question 19

sagittal suture

Answer 19

of parietal bones

attachment of falx cerebri

Question 20

attachments of tentorium cerebelli

Answer 20

• posterior clinoid processes of tentorium
• petrous ridges
• mastoid portion of temporals
• posteroinferior angles of parietals
• transverse ridges of occiput

Question 21

bones attached to falx cerebri

Answer 21

ethoid
frontal
parietal
occipital

Question 22

clinoid processes

Answer 22

sphenoid bone

attachment of tentorium cerebelli

Question 23

bones attached to falx cerebelli

Answer 23

sphenoid
temporal
parietal
occipital

Question 24

attachment of falx cerebelli

Answer 24

tentorium cerebelli

occipital to foramen magnum

Question 25

bones attached to falx cerebelli

Answer 25

occipital

Question 26

inhalation phase

Answer 26

flexion of sphenobasilar symphysis external rotation of paired bones

Question 27

during inhalation phase**

Answer 27

- falx cerebri - anterior - crista galli posterior - tentorium cerebelli - anterior - not relaxed - venous sinuses - ovoid (increased drainage of blood) - midline bones - flexion - paired bones - external rotation - cephalad pulls spinal dura - sacral base moves posterosuperior and apex toward pubic symphysis (extension of sacrum)

Question 28

exhalation phase

Answer 28

extension of SBS internal rotation of paired bone

Question 29

during exhalation phase**

Answer 29

- falx cerebri posterior - crista galli anterior - tentorium cerebelli posterior - venous sinuses "V" - decreased drainage of blood - midline bones extension - paired bone internal rotation - caudal pull on spinal dura sacral base anteroinferior and apex away pubic symphysis (flexion of sacrum)

Question 30

sutherland fulcrum

Answer 30

floating, shifting point of balance -common origin of three sickle shaped dura feels like balancing a mobile on one finger

Question 31

oligodendroglial cells

Answer 31

pulsate in culture

Question 32

third tenet of PRM

Answer 32

inherent motility of CNS - oligodendroglial pulsations - pulsatile CSF and brain motion detectable on MR imaging

Question 33

rams horn

Answer 33

coiling and uncoiling of hemi-cerebri which changes volume of ventricles and leads to pumping of CSF

Question 34

fourth tenet of PRM

Answer 34

articular mobility of cranial bones periosteum inside skull - spolts into 2 layers at suture and forms fibrous capsule over edge of bone periosteum continuous with dura movement in sutures - more of resiliency of linging, pliant bones

Question 35

SBS motion

Answer 35

amplified in vault due to vector arc

Question 36

sphenobasilar synchondrosis

Answer 36

sphenoid > occiput ossifies late 20s flexion - larger V extension - smaller V

Question 37

cranial vault

Answer 37

laid down in membrane in uteru

Question 38

cranial base

Answer 38

laid down in cartilage

Question 39

bones in skull?

Answer 39

29

Question 40

bones in cranum

Answer 40

8

Question 41

bones in face

Answer 41

14

Question 42

misc bones

Answer 42

6 ossicles | hyoid (PART OF CRANIUM)

Question 43

first ossification center of sphenoid

Answer 43

8-9 week in utero

Question 44

sphenoid at birth

Answer 44

central part (body and lesser wing) and two lateral parts (greater wing and pterygoid process)

Question 45

25th year

Answer 45

sphenoid and occipital bones completely fused (symphysis) before - synchondrosis

Question 46

ossification of occiput

Answer 46

7th week of fetal life

Question 47

occiput at birth

Answer 47

4 separate parts -basilar, 2 lateral, squamous all joined by cartilage and form ring around foramen magnum

Question 48

occiput at second year

Answer 48

lateral and squamous fusion

Question 49

occiput at year 3 and 4

Answer 49

lateral and basilar fusion

Question 50

fusion of occiput

Answer 50

giovannia - believes age 5

Question 51

fifth tenet of PRM

Answer 51

involuntary mobility of sacrum between ilia

Question 52

motion of sacrum

Answer 52

transverse axis around S2

Question 53

sacrum during inhalation

Answer 53

decreased lordotic | -sacral base - posterior

Question 54

sacrum during exhalation

Answer 54

increased lordotic | -sacral base - anterior

Question 55

flexion of SBS

Answer 55

sacrum conternutates - base - posterior - extension

Question 56

extension of SBS

Answer 56

sacrum nutates - base anterior - flexion

Question 57

flexion

Answer 57

skull wider bert

Question 58

extension

Answer 58

skull skinnier ernie

Question 59

axes of rotation?

Answer 59

2x transverse - one in sphenoid - one in occiput

Question 60

mastoid during external rotation

Answer 60

moves posteromedial

Question 61

mastoid during internal rotation

Answer 61

moves anterolateral

Question 62

petrous ridges during external rotation

Answer 62

anterolateral

Question 63

petrous ridges during internal rotation

Answer 63

posteromedial