Osteoporosis Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
- Postmenopausal women
- Men over 50
- Patients taking long-term oral corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)
- Age increase
- Vitamin D and calcium deficiency
- Lack of exercise
- Low BMI
- Smoking and drinking
- History of fractures
- Early menopause
What lifestyle changes can help prevent osteoporosis?
- Increase exercise
- Smoking cessation
- Maintain ideal BMI
- Reduce alcohol intake
- Increased intake of vitamin D and calcium (supplement if needed)
What is the first-line treatment for osteoporosis?
Oral bisphosphonates
Name two oral bisphosphonates used in osteoporosis treatment.
- Alendronic acid
- Risedronate sodium
What alternative therapies are available for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis?
- Ibandronic acid
- Denosumab
- Raloxifene
- Strontium
What treatments can younger menopausal women use for osteoporosis?
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Tibolone
Which medication is used for severe osteoporosis?
Teriparatide
What treatments are available for men with osteoporosis?
- Zoledronic acid
- Denosumab
- Teriparatide
- Strontium
What treatments are recommended for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?
- Zoledronic acid
- Denosumab
- Teriparatide
What are the criteria for women to start prophylaxis for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?
- Aged 70 years or over
- Previous fragility fracture
- Large doses of glucocorticoids (prednisolone >7.5mg daily or equivalent)
What criteria must men meet to start prophylaxis for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?
- Aged >70 years AND either:
- Previous fragility fracture
- Large doses of glucocorticoids for over 3 months
What are the MHRA warnings associated with bisphosphonates and what side effects should be reported?
- Atypical femoral fractures: report thigh, hip, or groin pain
- Osteonecrosis of the jaw: report Dental pain, swelling, non-healing sores or discharge
- Osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal: report Ear pain, discharge or ear infection
What are the side effects of bisphosphonates?
Oesophageal reactions
What side effects of bisphosphonates would cause a patient to stop taking and report
oesophageal irritation, dysphagia, heartburn
How should bisphosphonates be taken?
With a full glass of water while standing and remain upright for 30 minutes after
when should Alendronic acid be taken?
30 minutes before breakfast/ other oral meds
How should Risedronate sodium be taken in relation to food?
30 minutes before breakfast or leave 2 hours before or after food/drink if at other times of the day
