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Flashcards in OSTEOPOROSIS Deck (10)
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0
Q

What is osteopenia?

A

-1 >T SCORE > -2.5

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Condition of decreased bone strength, defined as T score < -2.5 (SD from young, healthy adult of same age and gender)

2
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
SHATTERED 
Steroid use > 5mg/day
Hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism 
Alcohol/tobacco 
Thin BMI < 22 decreased bone mass 
Testosterone low 
Renal/liver disease 
Erosive bone disease 
Dietary low calcium/vit D
3
Q

Clinical presentation of osteoporosis?

A

Fractures - from minimal trauma
Deformity - ht loss, kyphosis or back pain
Vertebral compression fractures - point tenderness and deformity

4
Q

Ix?

A

CBE EUC LFT CRP
VIT D
screen for secondary cause - TFT, PTH testosterone, urinary cortisol

RAD
CXR- kyphosis and ht loss, fracture
BMD - DEXA

5
Q

Difference between T and Z score?

A

T score for BMD

Z score age matched for BMD

6
Q

Non- pharm management?

A

Prevent falls - optimise health, meds (reduce sedatives, antipsychotics, anti hypertensives)
Dietary supplements - Vit D, Ca supplements
Exercise to reduce bone loss - wt bearing exercises
Sun

7
Q

Pharm management?

A

Bisphosphonates (osteoclasts apoptosis -> slowing bone loss) for primary prevention with osteoporosis or after Frx.

DENOSUMAB (inhibit the maturation of osteoclasts)
SERM
PTH (if contraindicated for Bisphosphonates)
hrt

16
Q

What does PTH and CALCITONIN do to blood calcium?

A

Calcitonin tones down blood calcium.

PTH increases blood calcium.

17
Q

What are the pathways that cause osteoporosis?

A

1) inadequate peak bone mass (restricted growth when young)
2) excessive bone resorption (lack of estrogen -> increases bone resolution)
3) inadequate formation new bone