Osteoporosis Flashcards
(18 cards)
General info about Osteoporosis?
Affects bones, specifically the spine
Women at risk after menopause due to lack of estrogen
Osteoporosis means “Porous Bones”
When is bone density at its peak?
18-25
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease in the world. Over 1.5 million osteoporosis fractures a year
34 million people have osteopenia-predecessor to osteoporosis
Calcium balance is thrown off, bones no longer as strong as before
How many women will have osteoporosis?
80% of women end up with osteoporosis at some point in their lives. Can manage well but not cure. 1/2 caucasian women have, 1/5 men
What is Osteoporosis often called?
The “Silent Disease”
First sign may be a fracture
Often times diagnosed after a fractured hip.
Fractures can happen BEFORE the fall, due to weak bones. Fracture will cause the fall.
What does healthy bone look like?
Looks like a honeycomb
Want to make sure kids are getting plenty of calcium. Lactose intolerant? Can supplement with tums (calcium) Need vitamin D as well
How is osteoporotic bone different than regular bone?
Loss of bone tissue. Open areas are more open. Gaps where bone should be
Hip fracture information
A woman’s hip fracture risk equals her combined risk of breast, uterine and ovarian cancer
15-20% of hip fracture patients require long term care facilities
20% increase during first year following hip fracture
What are the Risk factors for Osteoporosis?
Genetics- at risk if Caucasian or Asian, or female. Small frame, family history. Overweight is a ‘good thing here’ weight bearing exercise.
Physical exercise- sedentary, lack of weight bearing-exercise, low weight and body mass index
Lifestyle- lack of sunlight, smoking, alcohol, caffeine
Comorbidity- celiac disease. If you have 2 or more conditions, you are at high risk
Changes in bone mass require how much nutrients and vitamins to maintain healthy bone?
Need at least 1,000 mg of calcium per day. Need vitamin D intake as well (to absorb the calcium)
Too much calcium puts you at risk for kidney stones
What are Risk factors that can be controlled?
Alcohol consumption=consuming more than one drink per day is associated with risk for low bone density
Eating Disorders=Anorexia and bulemia can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals
Smoking
Immobility
What are the clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis?
Loss of height, curvature of spine, low back pain.
Most common fracture sites are forearm, spine, hip.
Rib cage can become curved, and cause respiratory issues
45-55 average age of menopause
How do you prevent osteoporosis?
Prevention? Diet with high calcium and vitamin D. Vitamin C also aids in calcium digestion
Walking is best preventative measure you can take.
Regular weight bearing exercise
What diagnostic tools are used for osteoporosis?
DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry). Gold standard. Measures bone density in non-dominant hip.
- Heel quantitative ultrasound- can show if patient is at high risk. Doesn’t show if it has started to develop yet
- FRAX algorithm- takes into account many different factors and secondary factors. Shows how much of a risk to develop a fracture in next 10 years. (not mainly used in USA)
- PT- weight bearing exercise. Walking, balance, strengthening
How much calcium supplementation is needed for people based on their age range? And what hormonal agents can be administered?
9-18 y.o.= 1300 mg/day Male & female 18 -50 y.o.= 1000 mg/day Female >50 & male>70 = 1200 mg/day Calcitonin-Human Raloxifene Hydrochloride
How much calcium is in standard foods served at a hospital?
1 oz cream cheese: 20 mg 1 hard boiled egg: 30 mg ½ cup cooked broccoli: 40 mg ½ cup cottage cheese: 80 mg 1 oz cheddar cheese: 205 mg 6 oz calcium-fortified OJ: 250 mg 1 cup milk: 300 mg 1 cup fruit yogurt: 345 mg 3 oz sardines with bones: 370 mg 8 oz vegetable lasagna: 450 mg
Nursing care of patient with Osteoporosis: Assessment info to record
Health history, family history, height, spinal curvatures
Assess risk factors, including:
Occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis
Previous fractures
Dietary consumption of calcium
Exercise patterns
Onset of menopause
Use of corticosteroids as well as alcohol, smoking, and caffeine intake
Planning for Osteoporosis patient
Weight bearing exercise at least 30 minutes per day.
Client knows risk factors
Children 60min/day preferable
Client with high risk modifies home
Client gets sufficient nutrients, vitamins and minerals
What are forms of exercise that can be recommended?
Walking Dancing Tennis Jump Rope Volleyball Skating Weight lifting
