OTC Flashcards
How does antacids work?
Neutralises the stomach acids using acid-base reaction.
How does alginates work?
When in contact with gastric acid it forms a sponge like matrix that floats above the stomach contents.
How does H2 antagonists work?
Binds to histamine receptors and interfere with gastric acid production and secretion.
How does proton pump inhibitors work?
Inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking proton pump
H2 antagonist advice
not to be given to patients under 16.
Antacids advice
fast acting short term treatment. some salts can cause diarrhoea or constipation.
Proton pump inhibitor advice
Not to be given to children and referral after 2 weeks if symptoms haven’t subsided.
Alginate advice
usually taken after each meal and before bed
Factors that can cause indigestion and heartburn
Eating or drinking too much.
- Eating spicy or fatty foods.
- Drinking alcohol.
- Smoking.
- Certain medicines.
- Being overweight.
- Being pregnant.
- Stress.
Lifestyle advice for indigestion
Diet:
- Moving to a lower fat diet.
- Avoid trigger foods and drinks; such as chocolate, alcohol, caffeine, spicy
or rich foods, fatty foods, citrus fruits, and onions.
Weight loss:
- In overweight patients, weight loss may help relieve symptoms and so
advice on how to safely achieve this can be given.
Smoking Cessation:
- Stopping smoking may reduce symptoms.
Raising Head of the Bed:
- Raising the head of the bed may help to reduce symptoms in patients with
GORD as gravity may help prevent acid regurgitation.
Factors that cause constipation
poor diet
low fluid intake
pregnancy
lack of exercise
medication
What is constipation?
Constipation is the infrequent passing of stools
Alarming symptoms for constipation
bloody stool
unexplained weight loss
pain without defecation
How does bulk forming laxatives work?
It adds bulk to the stool by mimicking an increase in fibre consumption
How does stimulant laxatives work?
Increases intestinal motility
