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Renal > other > Flashcards

other Flashcards

1
Q

pressure of left renal vein is due to

can cause –>

A
  • due to compression between aorta + SMA (NUTCRACKER EFFECT)
  • can cause hematuria, flank pain, varicocele
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2
Q

it can be compressed between aorta + SMA

A
  1. 3rd (transverse) portion of duodenum

2. left renal vein

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3
Q

Left renal vein course

A

longer, posterior to splenic vein, cross in front of the aorta

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4
Q

ureter arterial supply

A

proximal: renal
distal: superior vesical
middle: variable + anastomotic

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5
Q

inferior phrenic arteries supply

A

branch of aorta –> diaphragm + provide branches to adrenals

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6
Q

common comlplication of renal transplantation

A

in renal transplantation, the renal artery is connected with external iliac artery (the distal is susceptible to ischemia esp 10 days after transplantation)

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7
Q

arteries to horseshoe kidney

A

multiple accessory renal arteries

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8
Q

urge incontinence - triggers

A

running water, hand washing, cold

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9
Q

central DI is due to

A

permanent: damage of hypothlamic nuclei
transient: damage of posterior hypophisis/infundibular

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10
Q

liver - posterior ribs
renal - posterior rbs
Spleen

A

8-11
11-12
9-11

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11
Q

Kidney location

A
  • T12-L3
  • right is lower (because of the liver)
  • left is slightly larger
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12
Q

horizontal fissure of right lobe - location

A

4th rib anterior

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13
Q

cronh increases the risk of oxalate kidney stones - mechanism

A

normallu dietery clacium binds to dietary oxalate, producing insoluble calcium oxalte promoting fecal exretion
in crohn –> lipid is not absorbed –> bind to ca –> increased oxalate absorption –> renal stones

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14
Q

tumor that produce PTHrP

A
  1. SCC (eg. lung, head, neck
  2. renal + bladder
  3. Ovarian
  4. Breast
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15
Q

location of uric acid precipitation when uric cristals obstruct renal tubular lumen

A

collecting drugs due to low pH

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16
Q

how to discriminate kidney transplant rejection from immunosupressant drugs mediated nephropathy

A

biopsy (drugs reduce blood flow + cause direct damage to renal endothelial + tubular cells –>arteriolar hyalinization + tubular vacuolization

17
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome - gross of renal

A

normal size + shape

18
Q

MCC of calcium kidney stone disease

A

idiopathic hypercalciuria (normocalcemia)

19
Q

metabolic alkalosis - next step for diagnosis

A

measure urine Cl-

20
Q

porphyria urine

A

red –> after 24h exposure to light + air –> black

21
Q

urine incontinence in MS

A

bladder hypertonia (UMN lesion) –> as the disease progresses –> bladder become atonic + dilated –> overflow incontinence

22
Q

antibacterial defence of bladder

A
  1. urine flow washes
  2. urine is bacteriocidal
  3. mucosa does not allow bacterial attachment
23
Q

urine in rhabdomyolisis

A
  • but zero RBCs in urinanalisis blood in urine dipstic

- urine dipstic detects heme (NOT RBCs)

24
Q

IgA neuropathy - age

A

children

25
Q

thiazide using in Nephrogenic DI

indomethacin use in Nephrogenic DI

A

thiazide: induce mild hypovolemia –> increases proximal tubule sodium + water reabsorption
indomethacin: decreases synthesis of prostagladin WHICH inhibit ADH action

26
Q

characteristic of drugs that eliminated from liver instead of renal

A

high lipophicility

27
Q

amphotericin mediated anemia - mechanism

A

suppression of renal EPO synthesis (more severe in HIV with zidovudine)

28
Q

niacin mediated gout

A

decrease renal excretion of uric acid

29
Q

thiazide mediated hyperglycemia + hypercholesterolemia

A

decreased insulin secretion + resistance

30
Q

clonidine, β-blockers, thiazides - in pregnancy

A

clonidine - safe but 2nd line
β-blockers - safe
thiazides - fetal thrombocytopenia + jundice, but safe (you can continue, but not start)

Renal (15 decks)

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