Other Alcohols Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Which alcoholic beverage predates wine?
A
Beer
Only mead surpasses beer in age.
2
Q
What major societal transition is linked to the discovery of fermentation of grain?
A
Transition from a nomadic society to a settled agricultural society during the Neolithic Revolution.
3
Q
What is the aim of the brewing process?
A
To derive the wort from malted grain and then ferment the wort.
4
Q
What raw ingredients are typically required for brewing?
A
- Water
- Yeast
- Hops
- Starch source
5
Q
What qualities do hops have?
A
Flavor, bitterness, preservative, and antiseptic qualities.
6
Q
What does the Bavarian Purity Law (Reinheitsgebot) state?
A
The three ingredients authorized for beer production are barley, hops, and water.
7
Q
What is malt?
A
Malted barley used in the brewing process.
8
Q
How is barley prepared for malting?
A
Steeped in water for approximately two days to promote germination.
9
Q
What enzyme is produced during the germination of barley?
A
Amylase.
10
Q
What does amylase do?
A
Converts starchy carbohydrates into fermentable sugars maltose and dextrin.
11
Q
What happens to the green malt after germination?
A
It is roasted with hot air in a kiln to suppress further growth.
12
Q
What type of malt is used for porter-style beers?
A
Highly roasted black malts.
13
Q
What is the purpose of the mashing process?
A
To convert and extract sugar from the malt.
14
Q
What is the result of the mashing process?
A
Wort, which is rich in flavor, sugar, and color.
15
Q
What is sparging?
A
Rinsing spent grains with fresh water to extract additional sugar and flavor.
16
Q
What happens during the boiling of the wort?
A
Stabilizes and sterilizes the brew, darkens the color, and causes excess water to evaporate.
17
Q
What is the difference in fermentation temperatures between lagers and ales?
A
Lager wort is cooled to a lower temperature than ale wort.
18
Q
What type of yeast is used for ales?
A
Top-fermenting yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
19
Q
What characterizes the fermentation process of ales?
A
Quick fermentation, usually lasting less than a week.
20
Q
What type of yeast is used for lagers?
A
Bottom-fermenting yeast (Saccharomyces pastorianus).
21
Q
What is a characteristic of the fermentation process for lagers?
A
Slower fermentation at lower temperatures.
22
Q
What happens to the beer after fermentation?
A
It is transferred to conditioning tanks or casks and often pasteurized prior to bottling.
23
Q
What are lambic beers known for?
A
Spontaneous fermentation in open-top containers with native wild yeasts.
24
Q
What is Gueuze?
A
A style produced by mixing one-year-old lambics with beers aged for two to three years.
25
What is a characteristic of fruit lambics?
Refermented with added fruits before bottling.
26
What is the typical alcohol content of beer?
4% to 6%.
27
What temperature should lagers be served at?
48–52 degrees Fahrenheit (9–11 degrees Celsius).
28
What temperature should lighter ales and draught bitter beers be served at?
54–57 degrees Fahrenheit (12–14 degrees Celsius).
29
What temperature should Trappist ales and other strong beers be served at?
Cool room temperature.
30
31
What is the general term for alcoholic beverages in Japanese?
Sake
## Footnote
In English, sake specifically refers to an alcoholic beverage produced from fermented rice.
32
What two processes occur simultaneously during sake production?
Conversion of starch to sugar and sugar to alcohol
## Footnote
This process is known as multiple parallel fermentation (MPF).
33
What mold is used in the production of sake?
Koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae)
## Footnote
This mold plays a crucial role in the fermentation process.
34
What is the superior type of rice often used for sake production?
Yamada Nishiki
## Footnote
This rice type is known for producing high-quality sake.
35
What is the term for the pure starchy heart of the rice grain used in sake?
Shinpaku
## Footnote
The quality of sake is influenced by the milling degree of shinpaku.
36
What does the term 'seimaibuai' refer to in sake production?
The degree to which the rice has been milled
## Footnote
This is a key factor in determining the quality of sake.
37
What is the first step after the rice has been milled in sake production?
Rinsed, soaked in water, and steamed
## Footnote
These steps prepare the rice for inoculation with koji-kin.
38
What is the starter mixture in sake production called?
Moto or shubo
## Footnote
This mixture is essential for the fermentation process.
39
How long does the moto develop before moving to a larger vessel?
Two weeks
## Footnote
This is the maturation period for the starter mixture.
40
What is the fermenting mash in sake production referred to as?
Moromi
## Footnote
The moromi is created by adding koji, water, and steamed rice to the moto.
41
What is the typical alcohol content achieved during sake fermentation?
Approximately 20%
## Footnote
Water is usually added to lower the final alcohol level to around 17%.
42
What scale measures the sweetness or dryness of sake?
Sake meter value (nihonshu-do)
## Footnote
Negative values indicate sweetness, while positive values indicate dryness.
43
What is the traditional serving vessel for sake called?
Tokkuri
## Footnote
This is a ceramic flask with a narrow neck used for decanting sake.
44
What type of sake is unpasteurized?
Namazake
## Footnote
This style retains more of the original flavors of sake.
45
What is the maximum percentage of rice grain remaining for Junmai sake?
70%
## Footnote
This rule applies unless the producer states otherwise on the label.
46
What is the term for sake that is aged in wooden barrels?
Taruzake
## Footnote
Aging in wood can impart unique flavors to the sake.
47
What is Genshu sake?
Undiluted sake
## Footnote
This type of sake has not had water added to reduce its alcohol content.
48
True or False: Sake improves with bottle age.
False
## Footnote
Sake is generally meant for consumption shortly after bottling.
49
50
51
What is the primary difference between spirits and fermented beverages?
Spirits are the product of distillation of a fermented beverage, while wine or beer are fermented beverages.
52
What is the boiling point of ethyl alcohol at sea level?
Approximately 173 degrees Fahrenheit (78 degrees Celsius).
53
What technique is used to separate liquids with different boiling points?
Fractional distillation.
54
Who was Jābir ibn Ḥayyān?
An eighth-century Arabic chemist-alchemist who developed an improved alembic still.
55
What is the origin of the term 'alcohol'?
'Alcohol' is derived from the Arabic al-koh’l, a cosmetic powder purified through distillation.
56
What are the two main types of stills used in modern distillation?
Pot still and continuous still.
57
What is the purpose of a condensing coil in a pot still?
To cool and condense the vapors into liquid.
58
What are foreshots in the distillation process?
The first vapors to condense, which contain toxic congeners like methanol.
59
What distinguishes continuous stills from pot stills?
Continuous stills use steam to vaporize alcohol and have two columns (the analyzer and the rectifier).
60
What happens to spirits after distillation?
All spirits are colorless.
61
How do brown spirits gain color?
From aging in oak casks.
62
What is the difference between maceration and infusion?
Maceration is a slower, cold method, while infusion is a quicker, hot method.
63
What is the typical alcoholic strength range for liqueurs?
15% to 30% ABV.
64
What does ABV stand for?
Alcohol by volume.
65
What is the proof system used in America?
American proof is twice the percentage of alcohol by volume.
66
What is a characteristic of cask-strength whiskies?
They are not diluted with water prior to bottling and can reach over 60% ABV.
67
Fill in the blank: The process of distillation relies on the fact that alcohol has a _______ boiling point than water.
lower
68
True or False: Distillation was first noted by Aristotle.
True
69
70
What is vodka?
A neutral, clear liquor and one of the world’s most popular spirits
71
From what origins does vodka derive its name?
The word vodka is derived from the Russian word for 'water'
72
What are common bases for vodka distillation?
* Potatoes
* Rye
* Grapes
* Beets
* Molasses
73
What process is typically used to distill vodka?
The wash for vodka is usually distilled in a continuous still and filtered with charcoal
74
How does repeated distillation affect vodka?
The more distillations, the stronger and purer the final spirit
75
What is the minimum ABV for vodka in the EU?
37.5%
76
What must EU producers state on the label if vodka is not made from potatoes or grain?
The products used in fermentation
77
Name two quality Russian vodka producers.
* Stolichnaya
* Ikon
78
What is the best-selling premium vodka in the US?
Grey Goose
79
What type of vodka is Tito's Handmade?
An artisan American spirit made from 100% corn
80
Which vodka brand is of Russian origin but has not been produced in Russia for almost a century?
Smirnoff
81
What are common flavors of flavored vodka?
* Lemon or citron
* Vanilla
* Orange
* Raspberry
* Blueberry
82
What is aquavit?
A clear spirit made from fermented potato or grain, flavored with caraway root
83
How is gin produced?
A neutral grain spirit is flavored with botanicals and redistilled
84
What is the most important component of gin?
Juniper berries
85
What does 'London dry' indicate about gin?
A method of production rather than geographical origin
86
Name two popular London dry gin brands.
* Beefeater
* Tanqueray
87
Where was gin originally developed?
Holland
88
What is genever?
The first crude gin developed as a medicinal oil in the 16th century
89
What distinguishes oude genever from jonge genever?
Oude genever incorporates a minimum 15% 'malt wine', while jonge is cleaner and more neutral
90
What is Plymouth gin known for?
Being fuller in body and very aromatic
91
What is Old Tom gin?
A lightly sweetened English style of gin
92
What cocktail is Old Tom gin associated with?
The classic Tom Collins cocktail
93
What is the vodka martini?
A later adaptation of the gin martini
94
True or False: Vodka has a distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color according to American regulations until 2020.
True
95
What is vodka?
A neutral, clear liquor and one of the world’s most popular spirits
96
From what origins does vodka derive its name?
The word vodka is derived from the Russian word for 'water'
97
What are common bases for vodka distillation?
* Potatoes
* Rye
* Grapes
* Beets
* Molasses
98
What process is typically used to distill vodka?
The wash for vodka is usually distilled in a continuous still and filtered with charcoal
99
How does repeated distillation affect vodka?
The more distillations, the stronger and purer the final spirit
100
What is the minimum ABV for vodka in the EU?
37.5%
101
What must EU producers state on the label if vodka is not made from potatoes or grain?
The products used in fermentation
102
Name two quality Russian vodka producers.
* Stolichnaya
* Ikon
103
What is the best-selling premium vodka in the US?
Grey Goose
104
What type of vodka is Tito's Handmade?
An artisan American spirit made from 100% corn
105
Which vodka brand is of Russian origin but has not been produced in Russia for almost a century?
Smirnoff
106
What are common flavors of flavored vodka?
* Lemon or citron
* Vanilla
* Orange
* Raspberry
* Blueberry
107
What is aquavit?
A clear spirit made from fermented potato or grain, flavored with caraway root
108
How is gin produced?
A neutral grain spirit is flavored with botanicals and redistilled
109
What is the most important component of gin?
Juniper berries
110
What does 'London dry' indicate about gin?
A method of production rather than geographical origin
111
Name two popular London dry gin brands.
* Beefeater
* Tanqueray
112
Where was gin originally developed?
Holland
113
What is genever?
The first crude gin developed as a medicinal oil in the 16th century
114
What distinguishes oude genever from jonge genever?
Oude genever incorporates a minimum 15% 'malt wine', while jonge is cleaner and more neutral
115
What is Plymouth gin known for?
Being fuller in body and very aromatic
116
What is Old Tom gin?
A lightly sweetened English style of gin
117
What cocktail is Old Tom gin associated with?
The classic Tom Collins cocktail
118
What is the vodka martini?
A later adaptation of the gin martini
119
True or False: Vodka has a distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color according to American regulations until 2020.
True
120
