Other anatomy Flashcards
(46 cards)
Functions of skin
Thermoregulation Protection Vitamin D synthesis Sensory information
Main Components of: The epidermis The dermis Superficial fascia
Epidermis: Keratinocytes Dermis: connective tissue (collagen, elastic fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes) Superficial Fascia: Collagen, elastic fibre, fat
Function of superficial fascia
Storage (water, fat) Protection insulation conduction of nerves
Functions of deep fascia
Attachement for muscle Conduction of nerves and vessels (neurovascular bundle) Movement of muscle Capsule around organs and glands
3 serous membranes in the body
Pleura (lungs) Pericardium (heart) Peritoneum (viscera)
What are tendons made up of
Dense collagenous fibres
9 quadrants of the abdomen

Layers of skin in abdomen (through the middle)
Skin (hypodermis, dermis) camper’s fascia, scarpa’s fascia, parietal peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat, linea alba, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum.
Name of the 2 superficial veins of the abdomen
thoraco-epigastric vein and superficial epigastric vein.
Layers of anterior abdominal wall muscles. Name of middle line of rectus abdominis and membrane surrounding it and contents within it.
External oblique, rectus abdominis, internal obliques, transverus abdominis.
Linea alba and rectus sheath.

Nerve supply of the abdominal muscles

Blood supply of the abdominal wall

Formation of the trachea and brochus (with eosophagus)

What is oesophageal atresia and fistulae
Artresia: the two ends of the oesophagus don’t join.
Fistula: the oesophagus and trachea don’t separate

Steps of the rotation of the midgut and name of the connection between umbilical and abdomen
- looping of the midgut into the umbilicus. Top part will become the small intestine while the inferior part will become ascending and transverse colon.
- Rotation of the tube counter clockwise (90)
- proximal loop becomes convoluted, bulge appears for cecum
- proximal loop turns counter clockwise another 180.
- everything returns to the body
Vitteline duct connects the midgut to the umbilicus when it protrudes.

Meckel’s diverticulum (gut developement)
The vitteline duct fails to separate from the midgut when it retracts into the abdomen.
Hindgut what it gives rise to
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon rectum
superior anal canal.
Developement of the hindgut
Mostly occurs in the cloaca. Separation of the urinal and rectal systems by the urorectal septum. These are separated, and cloacal membrane forms between cloaca and proctodeum. Urinary and rectal completely separate, forming the rectum, anal canal.

Separation of the cloacal membrane. What this connects and name of the line that separates them.
Connects the hindgut with the proctodeum, the line between them is the pectinate line. Proctodeum gives rise to lower 1/2 of the anal canal and the skin around it.

Contents of the foregut
Pharynx, oesophagus, lower repiratory tract, stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas, billiary apparatus.
Describe how the rotation of the mesogastrium causes the formation of the lesser and greater sacs.
State which organs are part of the mesogastrium and ligaments between them
Mesogastrium rotates, creating the greater and lesser sacs

Describe the greater and lesser sacs and greater and lesser sacs and the hole through which you can acess the lesser sac.
Epiploic foramen
Greater omentum is a double fold of the peritoneum connecting from the stomach

Name of cells that make up the cartilage
Chondroblasts, that become chondrocytes when the matrix they produce (containing collagen, water…) surrounds and isolates them.
Describe interosseus ossification and which bones are made this way.
Bones made this way include: flat bones of face, most cranial bones, clavicles.
These bones are made by the specializing of cells from mesenchymal connective tissue into osteoblasts, then osteocytes. Osetoblasts produce osteoids, which calcify creating bone. On the inside, trabecular bone is formed while compact bone lines the surface.















