OTHER BLOOD GROUPS

Question 1

are manufactured by tissue cells and secreted into the body fluids then adsorbed onto the red cell membrane

Answer 1

LEWIS SYSTEM

Question 2

Lewis substances (in secretions) -

Answer 2

Glycoproteins

Question 3

Lewis antigens (cell bound Ags) -

Answer 3

Glycosphingolipids

Question 4

Lewis true phenotype

Answer 4

Le(a-b+)

Question 5

Lewis newborn phenotype

Answer 5

Le(a-b-)

Question 6

Lewis phenotype 10 days after birth

Answer 6

Le(a+b-)

Question 7

• located on the (p arm) short arm of chromosome 19
• produces a specific L-fucosyltransferase to type I
  precursor substances.

Answer 7

Le genes

Question 8

usually naturally occurring IgM; react best at RT or lower ; considered clinically insignificant

Answer 8

Lewis abs

Question 9

most commonly encountered antibodies of the
Lewis system

Answer 9

Anti-Lea

Question 10

Leb (Leb​ ​) has receptors for

Answer 10

Helicobacter pylori

Question 11

Lex (Lex​ ​) antigen is marker for

Answer 11

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s disease

Question 12

● The two loci system; includes 46 antigens
● The designation is 002 in the ISBT nomenclature. ● Genes are located in chromosome 4
● Genes are inherited as haplotypes
○ Half of genes from mother, half from father

Answer 12

MNSs U BLOOD GROUP

Question 13

inherited as close linkage.
is associated with glycophorin A

Answer 13

M and N

Question 14

associated with glycophorin B.

Answer 14

Ss

Question 15

important markers in paternity testing
● Are found on red cells, not in body fluids and secretions

Answer 15

MNS antigens

Question 16

the first amino acid is serine while the 5th is glycine.

Answer 16

M antigen

Question 17

the first amino acid is leucine while the 5th amino acid is glutamic acid.

Answer 17

N antigen

Question 18

S, the 29th amino acid is methionine.
For s, the 29th amino acid is threonine.

Answer 18

Ss

Question 19

○ Are not clinically significant antibodies
○ Have limited biological activity
○ Mostly IgM, naturally occurring cold reactive saline agglutinins that do not bind, complement or react with enzyme-treated cells (DESTROYED by ENZYMES!)

Answer 19

Anti M and N

Question 20

seen in renal patients who are dialyzed with equipment sterilized with formaldehyde

Answer 20

Anti N

Question 21

reaction is enhanced by acidification

Answer 21

Anti M

Question 22

Clinically significant
Mostly are IgG, reactive at 37C and the antiglobulin phase

Answer 22

Anti S and s

Question 23

P1, P, or Pk may be found on

Answer 23

RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes.

Question 24

can be found on platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts.

Answer 24

P

Question 25

found in plasma as glycosphingolipids and as glycoproteins in hydatid cyst fluid.

Answer 25

P and Pk

Question 26

antigens are poorly developed at birth

Answer 26

P1 ags

Question 27

antigens are analogous to A1 and A2 in ABO.

Answer 27

P1 and P2 antigens

Question 28

a precursor of P antigen.

Answer 28

Pk

Question 29

the most common phenotype.

Answer 29

P1

Question 30

a null phenotype because of absence of antigens. It is associated with the Parvovirus B19 in which it serves as receptor

Answer 30

P

Question 31

antigen is associated with shiga toxin, ​E.coli, ​and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Answer 31

Pk

Question 32

○ Naturally occurring IgM Abs in the sera of P​2 individuals; a weak cold reactive saline agglutinin ○ Can be ​neutralized with soluble ​P1 substance in hydatid cyst fluid​ (​Echinococcus granulosus ​infection)

Answer 32

Anti-P1

Question 33

○ Naturally occurring alloantibody in the sera of all Pk individuals ○ Allo-anti-P ​is clinically significant. It is associated with rare spontaneous abortion.

Answer 33

Anti-P

Question 34

IgG biphasic hemolysins associated with ​PAROXYSMAL COLD HEMOGLOBINURIA

Answer 34

AUTOANTI-P (Donath Landsteiner antibody)

Question 35

○ Predominantly IgM; binds complement ○ Associated with spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy may demonstrate in vitro hemolysis

Answer 35

Anti-PP1Pk (Anti-Tja)

Question 36

● At birth, infant red cells are rich in

Answer 36

i antigen

Question 37

Weak naturally occurring saline reactive IgM autoagglutinin detectable only at 4C

Answer 37

Benign Anti-I

Question 38

○ Potent cold autoagglutinin that demonstrates high titer reactivity and reacts over a wide thermal range (0-30​C) ○ Pxs with ​Mycoplasma pneumoniae ​infections may develop strong cold agglutinins with ​autoanti-I specificity

Answer 38

Pathologic Anti-Inflammatory

Question 39

○ An IgM agglutinin and reacts optimally at 4C ○ Associated with ​infectious mononucleosis

Answer 39

Anti-i

Question 40

○ T ​stands for transition ○ Found in Melanesians and Yanomama Indians in Venezuela ○ Associated with ​Hodgkin’s Disease

Answer 40

Anti-I ^T

Question 41

- Found only on red cells, are well-developed at birth and are not destroyed by enzymes - rated ​second ​to ​D antigen in immunogenicity - Destroyed or inactivated ​by ​sulfhydryl reagents like ​AEY, DTT, ZZAP ​(artificial Kell null)

Answer 41

Kell antigens

Question 42

- Lacks Kell antigens - Have no membrane abnormality

Answer 42

KO or K NULL phenotype

Question 43

Lacks the Kx antigen (which might be a precursor for Kell antigens)

Answer 43

McLeod phenotype

Question 44

Common among ​males suffering from ​Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

Answer 44

Mcleod Phenotype

Question 45

the most common antibody seen in blood bank ○ Located at chromosome 7 ○ IgG “immune” antibodies reactive in AHG phase ○ Can cause both HDN and HTR

Answer 45

Anti-K

Question 46

○ Two most important antigens associated with transfusion medicine in the Duffy blood group system ○ Well-developed at birth ○ Easily destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes

Answer 46

Fya​ ​ and Fyb​

Question 47

Important anthropological marker for African blacks

Answer 47

Fy (a-b-)

Question 48

Were shown to resist infection cause by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi

Answer 48

Fya​ ​ and Fyb​

Question 49

○ Usually IgG antibodies and react best at the AHG phase ○ Both are implicated in delayed HTR (DHTR) and HDN - shows dosage effect

Answer 49

Anti-Fya​ ​ and Anti-Fyb​

Question 50

Anti-Fya​ ​ and Anti-Fyb​, which is more common

Answer 50

Anti-Fya

Question 51

○ Well-developed at birth, contributing to the potential for HDN ○ SHow in vitro hemolysis - Reactivity enhanced by ​enzyme treatment

Answer 51

Jka and Jkb

Question 52

Resists lysis in 2M urea and occurs mainly in Mongoloids

Answer 52

Jk (a-b-)

Question 53

○ Show dosage ○ Both are IgG immune antibodies (primarily IgG3) and antiglobulin reactive ○ Bind complement ○ Common cause of delayed HTRs

Answer 53

Anti-Jka​ ​ and Anti-Jkb​

Question 54

located on chromosome 19, closely linked with the​ secretor locus

Answer 54

Lutheran

Question 55

○ Naturally occurring saline agglutinins​ (IgM in nature) ​that react best at RT ○ Characteristically show loose and mixed-fixed reactivity in vitro

Answer 55

Anti-Lua

Question 56

○ Most are IgG (often IgG4) immune antibodies; reactive at AHG phase at 37o​ ​C and the AHG phase

Answer 56

Anti-Lub

Question 57

Antibodies that causes HDN/EF (erythroblastosis fetalis)

Answer 57

Anti-C/Anti-AB (ABO) Anti-f (Rh) Anti-U (MNSs U) Anti-D Anti-Fya​ Anti-K Anti-Ss Anti-Jk

Question 58

IgM ‘naturally occurring’ IgG ‘immune’ antibodies antibodies (generally) but can become IgG

Answer 58

Le P I Lu P1

Question 59

IgG ‘immune’ antibodies

Answer 59

K Fy Jk Ss Xga​

Question 60

Blood groups associated with secretor genes

Answer 60

Lewis Lutheran ABH

Question 61

Enhanced by proteolytic enzymes

Answer 61

Kidd Rh I P1 Lewis

Question 62

Inactivated/Destroyed by proteolytic enzymes

Answer 62

Duffy MNS

Question 63

Antigens that are well-developed at birth

Answer 63

MNSs U Kidd Kell Duffy

Question 64

Antigens that are poorly-developed at birth

Answer 64

Lewis P I Lutheran