OTHER BLOOD GROUPS P3 Flashcards by Sharmaine Madjid

made an association between the rare Kell phenotypes, including the McLeod phenotype, and the rare
X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).

1971: Giblett and colleagues

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McLeod carriers exhibit two RBC populations: one having ___ and normal ______, the other having
the _______ and ________

Kx and Kell antigens ; McLeod phenotype and acanthocytosis

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McLeod males with CGD make ________

anti-Kx + Km

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(McLeod Phenotype & Syndrome)

Reacts strongly with ____ RBCs, weaker with normal ____ phenotype RBCs, and not at all with ______ phenotype RBCs

Ko ; Kell ; McLeod

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_________: made by McLeod males without CGD

Anti-Km

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used to describe other phenotypes with very weak Kell expression, often requiring adsorption-
elution tests for detection

Kmod

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RBCs may appear to acquire Kell antigens.

Kmod

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described a K– patient who acquired a K-like antigen during a Streptococcus faecium infection

McGinnis and coworker

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Most ____________________ are directed against undefined high-prevalence Kell antigens, but identifiable autoantibodies to K, Kpb, and K13 have been reported.

Kell system autoantibodies

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Mimicking specificities have also been reported, such as when an apparent anti-K is eluted from DAT+ K– RBCs and the anti-K in the eluate can be adsorbed onto K– RBCs.

Autoantibodies

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ANO NA NEXT BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

DUFFY (008) SYSTEM

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1950: named for Mr. Duffy, who was found to have the first described example of _______

anti-Fya.

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1951: discovered an antithetical antigen, _____, found in the serum of a woman who had three pregnancies.

Fyb

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1955: _____________
- reported that the majority of African Americans tested were Fy(a–b–).
- The gene responsible for this null phenotype was called ______

Sanger and colleagues ; Fy

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common genotype in blacks, especially in Africa; the gene is rare in whites.

FyFy

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1975
- observed that Fy(a–b–) RBCs resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism Plasmodium
knowlesi.
- later shown that Fy(a–b–) RBCs also resist infection by Plasmodium vivax (one of the organisms causing
malaria in humans )

YES

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______, ______: rarely encountered in duffy

Fy3, Fy5

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RBCs that are Fy(a–b–) are also Fy: ____, _____

–3, –5.

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____ is also not present on Rhnull RBCs, regardless of the Fya or Fyb status of those RBCs.

Fy5

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____ blood group system: symbol FY or 008 by the ISBT

Duffy

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most important in routine blood bank serology

Fya & Fyb

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Fya & Fyb can be identified on fetal RBCs as early as _______ gestational age and are well developed at birth.

6 weeks

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found in body tissues, including brain, colon, endothelium, lung, spleen, thyroid, thymus, and kidney cells.

Fya & Fyb

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destroyed by ficin, papain, bromelin, and chymotrypsin, and by ZZAP (which contains either papain or
ficin in addition to DTT)

Fya & Fyb

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Fya & Fyb not affected by _____ alone, _____, or glycine-acid EDTA treatment.

DTT ; AET

reduce the molecular weight of Fya and Fyb, but not destroyed antigenic activity and neither does purified trypsin

Neuraminidase

Fya and Fyb in position 42

Fya = glycine Fyb = aspartic acid

common antibody and is found as a single specificity or in a mixture of antibodies.

Anti-Fya

Anti-Fya: occurs ____ times less frequently than anti-K.

three

20 times less common than anti-Fya and often occurs in combination with other antibodies.

Anti-Fyb:

- IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase. - Antibody activity is enhanced in a low ionic strength medium. - associated with acute and delayed HTRs. - associated with HDFN that ranges from mild to severe.

Anti-Fya & Anti-Fyb

1968: Duffy gene (ACKR1, formally known as _____) was linked to a visible, inherited abnormality of _________

DARC ; chromosome 1

located near the centromere on the long arm of chromosome 1 at position 1q21-q22.4

ACKR1

syntenic to the Rh locus, which is located near the tip of the short arm;

Fy locus

There are three common alleles at the Fy locus: ___, ____, ______. _____ and _____ encode the antithetical antigens Fya and Fyb, respectively, and ___ is a silent allele and is the major allele in blacks.

Fya, Fyb, and Fy. Fya and Fyb ; Fy

Molecular testing for the GATA mutation is helpful for transfusion management for patients with ___________

sickle cell disease.

- Typing for Duffy antigens has been performed on the RBCs of chimpanzees, gorillas, and old- and new-world monkeys. The results suggest that ____ developed first, then ___, and that ___ arose during human evolution.

Fy3 ; Fyb ; Fya

____: described in 1965 as a new allele at the Fy locus Inherited weak form of Fyb that reacts with some example of anti-Fyb

Fyx

____:1971, anti-Fy3 was found in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) white Australian female( individuals who lack the Duffy glycoprotein) reacted with all RBCs tested except those of the Fy(a–b–) phenotype not destroyed by enzymes

Fy3

found in whites, Cree Indian families, and blacks

Fy(a–b–) phenotype

1973, Colledge and coworkers discovered anti-Fy5 in the serum of an Fy(a–b–) black child who later died of leukemia

Fy5

next bg system

kidd (009) system

simple and straightforward system consisting of only 3 antigens.

The Kidd (009) System

1951, ____ and colleagues reported finding an antibody in the serum of Mrs. Kidd, whose infant had HDFN (anti-Jka)

Allen

___, was found 2 years later

Jkb

null phenotype _______ was described in 1959

Jk(a–b–)

___ has been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 11 weeks

Jka

___ has been detected at 7 weeks

Jkb

The Kidd (009) System is not denatured by _____ or ______

papain or ficin

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) demonstrate dosage, are often _____ (reaction)

weak

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) _______ is more frequently encountered than anti-Jkb, but neither antibody is common

Anti-Jka

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) usually ___ (antiglobulin reactive) but may also be partly ___

IgG ; IgM

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) Made in response to ______ or _______

pregnancy or transfusion

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) Antibody reactivity can also be enhanced by using _____ or _____ (to promote IgG attachment), by using four drops of serum instead of two (to increase the antibody-to- antigen ratio) or by using enzymes such as ____ or _____

LISS or PEG ; ficin or papain

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) Many bind _____

complement

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) titer of anti-Jka or anti-Jkb quickly declines ______

in vivo

(The Kidd (009) System: Antibodies) decline in antibody reactivity and the difficulty in detecting Kidd antibodies are reasons why they are a common cause of _____ (delayed)

HTRs

lack Jka, Jkb and the common antigen Jk3

Jk(a-b-) Phenotype

Jk(a-b-) Phenotype is most abundant among ________ it has also been identified in Filipinos, Indonesians and Chinese

polynesians ;

Most Jk(a-b-) nullas are _______ for the rare “silent” allele jk

homozygous

antiglobulin-reactive antibody that looks like an inseparable anti-JkaJkb

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3) reacts with all RBCs tested except the _______

autocontrol

reactivity is enhanced with enzyme pretreatment of the RBCs associated with severe immediate and delayed HTRs and with mild HDFN

Anti-Jk3 (Alloanti-Jk3)

Autoantibodies with Kidd specificity (anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, and anti-Jk3): rare; have been associated with __________

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

next bg system

The Lutheran (005) System

1945, _______ was found (and described in detail a year later) in the serum of a patient with lupus erythematosus, following the transfusion of a unit of blood carrying the corresponding low-prevalence antigen

anti-Lua

new antibody was named Lutheran for the donor; the donor’s last name was Lutteran but the donor blood sample was incorrectly labeled

yes

1956, ______ and ________ described anti-Lub

Cutbush and Chanarin

1961 _____ and colleagues described the first Lu(a–b–) phenotype

Crawford

detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 to 12 weeks of gestation and poorly developed at birth.

The Lutheran (005) System Antigen

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen) Lutheran glycoprotein is widely distributed in tissues ________: Brain, Lung, Pancreas, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes

BLP2SMH:

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen) resistant to the enzymes _____ and ______ and to ____________ treatment

ficin and papain ; glycine-acid EDTA

(The Lutheran (005) System: Antigen) (most) do not react with RBCs treated with sulfhydryl reagents ____ and _____

DTT and AET

(Lua and Lub Antigens) Lutheran antigens are located on a ______ transmembrane protein

type 1

(Lua and Lub Antigens) multifunctional adhesion molecules that bind ______, notably in sickle cell disease

laminin

(Lua and Lub Antigens) Lu gene is located on

chromosome 19

IgM naturally occurring saline agglutinins

anti-Lua

anti-Lua react better at _____________ than at 37°C

room temperature

Some are capable of binding complement, but in vitro hemolysis has not been reported

anti-Lua

their characteristic loose, mixed-field reactivity in a test tube

anti-Lua

first example of was a room-temperature agglutinin, and IgM and IgA antibodies have been noted

anti-Lub

most examples of anti-Lub are IgG and reactive at _____ at the antiglobulin phase

37°C

made in response to pregnancy or transfusion

anti-Lub

Alloanti-Lub reacts with all cells tested except the _______, and reactions are often weaker with Lu(a+b+) RBCs and cord RBCs

autocontrol

rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a–b–) RBCs

anti-Lu3

anti-Lu3 looks like inseparable anti-Luab and recognizes a common antigen, _____

Lu3

Antiglobulin reactive.

anti-Lu3

anti-Lu3 made only by individuals with the recessive type of ______

Lu(a–b–).

carry trace amounts of Lutheran antigens as shown by adsorption-elution studies do not make anti-Lu3

Dominant Type Lu(a-b-)

truly lack all the Lutheran antigens and can make an inseparable anti-Luab called anti-Lu3

Recessive Type Lu(a-b-)

Lu(a–b–) family members were male and carried trace amounts of Lub detected by adsorption-elution

Recessive X-Linked Inhibitor Type

OTHER BLOOD GROUPS P3 Flashcards

(91 cards)