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AZDHS Profiles > Other Drug Profiles > Flashcards

Other Drug Profiles Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Bumetanide Name/class

A

Bumetanide

Brand: Bumex

Class: Loop diuretic

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2
Q

Bumetanide MOA

A

Inhibits electrolyte reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle leading to diuresis

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3
Q

Bumetanide Indications

A

Pulmomary Edema

CHF

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4
Q

Bumetanide Contraindications

A

Anuria
Electrolyte deficiencies
Hepatic coma
CAUTION in: hepatic cirrhosis, ascites, gout, furosemide allergy

Note: high dose or frequent admin (particular elderly) can cause profound diuresis, hypovolemia, and circulatory collapse with development of thrombi and emboli. may also precipitate HypoK induced digitalis toxicity

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5
Q

Bumetanide Adverse Reactions

A

Dizziness, headache, muscle cramps
Hypotension
EKG changes associated with HypoK, Na, Ca, and Mg
N/V, diarrhea, dry mouth, ringing in ears

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6
Q

Bumetanide Incompatability/nteraction

A

NSAIDS reduce diuretic effect
May increase blood lithium poisoning resulting in lithium poisoning
Potentiates effets of various anntHTN drugs

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7
Q

Bumetanide Dose (ad)

A

0.5 - 1 mg IV slow push over 1-2 mins or IM

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8
Q

Activated Charcoal Name/Class

A

Activated Charcoal

Brand: Insta char, Actidose aqua

Class: Adsorbent

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9
Q

Activated Charcoal MOA

A

Pharmacological: Physical binding of toxins from GI tract

Clinical Effects: Prevents/Reduces systemic absorption of toxins

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10
Q

Activated Charcoal Indications

A

Oral ingestion of toxic substances

Pre-lavage of oral ingestion of toxic substances

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11
Q

Activated Charcoal Contraindications

A

Ingestion of caustics, hydrocarbons
Comatose Pts
Simultaneous admin of other oral drugs

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12
Q

Activated Charcoal Adverse Reactions

A

Emesis

May worsen poison induced ileus

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13
Q

Activated Charcoal incompatabilities/interactions

A

Ineffective for Iron, Lithium, heavy metals, and other ions
May reduce effectiveness of other treatments (mucomyst) in pure acetaminophen
Bonds with whatever it is mixed with, flavoring reduces effectiveness

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14
Q

Activated Charcoal Dose (ad and ped)

A

Adult: 30-60 gm (1-2 gm/kg) 1 part charcoal to 4 parts water to mix

Peds: 0.5-1 gm (15-30gm)

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15
Q

Dextrose 50% Name/class

A

Dextrose 50%, D50W

Class: Carbohydrate, hypoglycemic

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16
Q

Dextrose 50% MOA

A

Pharmocologic: Aerobic metabolic substrate (ATP Production)

Clinical effects: reverses CNS effects of hypoglycemia through elevevating BGL, provides short term osmotic diueresis

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17
Q

Dextrose 50% Indications

A

Known hypoglycemia
ALOC/Seizures of unknown etiology
HyperK

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18
Q

Dextrose 50% Contraindications

A 
Known thiamine deficient
DTs (use thiamine in known alcoholic with this)
Head injury (unless documented hypoglycemia)
Intracranial hemorrhage (relative)
Severe pain (paradoxical excitement may occur)
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19
Q

Dextrose 50% adverse reactions

A

Cerebral edema in children when given undiluted IV
Worsening elevated ICP or Cerebral edema from trauma or CVA
Sclerosing effect on peripheral veins

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20
Q

Dextrose 50% Incompatabilities/interactions

A

Sodium Bicarb

Diazepam will precipitate if given concurrently without flushing

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21
Q

Dextrose 50% Dose (as and ped)

A

Adult:
Hypoglycemia/ALOC/Seizure of unknown etiology: 25-100 mL (12.5-50 gm, 1/2 - 2 Amps ) IV

HyperK: 50gm IV in conjunction with CaCl and bicarb

Peds:
0.5 - 1gm of D10, slow over 20 min period

(dilute D50 to a 1:4 solution by wasting 50mL of D50 and adding 50 mL to 250 mL NS

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22
Q

Diphenhydramine Name/Class

A

Diphenhydramine

Brand: Benadryl

Class: antihistamine/anticholinergic

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23
Q

Diphenhydramine MOA

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A

Blocks cellular histamine receptors, does not block histamine release (epi does) resulting in decreased capillary permeability/vasodilation, and prevention of bronchspasm
Has some anticholinergic effects

24
Q

Diphenhydramine Indications

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A

Anaphylaxis (2nd line)
Dystonic reactions (extrapyramidal/phenothiazine reactions)
Antiemetic

25
Diphenhydramine Contraindications
Newborn/premature infants and nursing mothers Caution: acute narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing or obstructive GI tract disease, bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, CV disease, age above 60 (consider benefit vs risk in all of these)
26
Diphenhydramine Adverse reactions
CV: Hypotension, palpations, arrhythmias, hemolytic anemia Resp: anaphylaxis, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in chest, wheezing, nasal stuffiness CNS: sedation, visual disturbance, seizures GU/GI: urinary frequency or retention, vomiting
27
Diphenhydramine Incompatability/interactions
Additive effects with alcohol and other CN depressants | MAO inhibitors prolong/intensify anticholinergic effects (drying)
28
Diphenhydramine Dose (ad and ped)
Adult: Anaphylaxis: 25-50 mg slow V or deep IM Dystonic/antiemetic: 10-50 mg IV or deep IM, titrated Ped: 1 - 1.25 mg/kg slow IV or deep IM
29
Epitifibatide Name/Class
Epitifibatide Brand: Integrellin Class: Antiplatelet Agent, aggregation inhibitor
30
Epitifibatide MOA
Reversibly bind with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa to inhibit finl common pathway for aggregation The blockade intereferes with binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factors, and other modulators, thus, preventing aggregation.
31
Epitifibatide Indications
Infusion during interfacility transport only Treatment of acute coronary syndrome, Percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or atherectomy Heparin should be concurrently administered
32
Epitifibatide Contraindications
``` Active internal bleeding or GI/GU bleed within 30 days CVA with current deficit in past 2 years Bleeding diathesis Concurrent use of Warfarin in past 7 days Thrombocytopenia Trauma or major surgery in past 6 weeks Intracranial neoplasm Arteriovenous malformation, anuerysm, or evidence of aortic dissection Uncontrolled HTN (sys >200, Dia >120) History of vascullitis Other GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors Acute pericarditis ```
33
Epitifibatide Adverse Reactions
Bleeding, major bleeds have occured in those >65 y/o, <75kg, prior GI disease, and those on thrombolytics and heparin Hemorrhagic stroke/ intracranial breathing Thrombocytopenia CV: bradycardia, dissection of coronary artery, edema, swelling, vasovagal reaction CNS: dizziness, sweating, pain (leg and pelvic)
34
Epitifibatide interactions/incompatabilities
Hemostatic meds, thrombolytics, anticoagulants, ASA other NSAIDS, dipyradimole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel Furosemide in the same IV tubing
35
Epitifibatide Dose (ad)
Acute Coronary Syndrome: Loading dose of 180 mcg/kg, then infuse at 2mcg/min for 72 hours PTCA intervention: Loading dose of 135 mcg/kg, infusion of 0.5 mcg/min for 20-24 hrs
36
Fentanyl Citrate Name/Class
Fentanyl Citrate Brand: Fentora Class: Narcotic agonist, narcotic analgesic
37
Fentanyl Citrate MOA
Acts on pain receptors in the brain to elevate pain threshold Depresses CNS, brainstem respiratory centers, and responsiveness to PaCO2 Increases venous capacitance and vasodilates arterioles, reducing reload and afterload
38
Fentanyl Citrate Indications
Analgesia, especially in those with burns, trauma, MI, and renal colic Adjunct to sedation in post intubation state Adjunct to sedation in post RSI or medication assisted intubation
39
Fentanyl Citrate Contraindications
Elevated ICP Head in jury with ALOC Relative: Asthma, abdominal pain
40
Fentanyl Citrate Adverse reactions
MS: muscle rigidity (particularly respiratory muscles) CV: bradydysrhthymias, tachydysthrythmias, hyoptension, orthostatic hypotension Respiratory depression/arrest CNS: Excessive sedation, seizures leading to coma or arrest, dizziness, blurred vision GI: N/V Derm: Histamine release may cause local or generalized urticaria, diaphoresis
41
Fentanyl Citrate Dose (ad and ped)
``` Adult: IV/IO 25-50 mcg/kg (0.5 - 1 mL of 50 mcg/mL concentration) slow push to desired effect IM: same as IV, slower onset IN: 25-50 mcg MAX DOSE 200 mcg ``` Peds: IV/IO: 1-2 mcg/kg (0.02-0.04 mL/kg) slow push IM: same as IV IN: 1-2 mcg/kg
42
Furosemide Names/Class
Furosemide Brand: Lasix Class: loop diuretic
43
Furosemide MOA
Pharmacologic: inhibits electrolyte reabsorption in ascending loop of Henle, promotes excretion of Na, K and Cl. Vasodilation increases venous capacitance and decreases afterload Clinical: diueresis
44
Furosemide Indications
Pulmonary Edema | CHF
45
Furosemide Contraindications
Anuria Hypovolemia Hypotension
46
Furosemide Adverse reactions
Exacerbate hypovolemia Hyperglycemia HypoK May decrease response to pressors
47
Furosemide Incompatabilities/interactions
Increased effects with other antihypertensives
48
Furosemide Dose (ad and ped)
Adult: Already on furosemide: initial dose of 2 times the daily dose, may double in 20 mins with no effect Not on furosemide: 0.5-1 mg/kg to a max of 2 mg/kg (usually 20-40 mg) IV slow push Ped: 1 mg/kg IV slow push
49
Glucagon Name/Class
Glucagon Brand: Glucagen Class: pancreatic hormone, polypeptide, hyperglycemia agent
50
Glucagon MOA
Pharmacological: acts on liver glycogen to convert it to glucose, counteracts effects of insulin, relaxes GI smooth muscle causing increased dilation/motility, cardiac inotrope Clinical: may reverse hypoglycemia is PT has liver stores, withing 4-8 minutes
51
Glucagon Indications
Symptomatic hypoglycemia when IV access is delayed | Beta blocker poisioning
52
Glucagon Contraindications
Pheochromocytoma | Insulinoma
53
Glucagon Adverse reactions
N/V Generalized allergic reaction (made from beef/pork pancreas) Palpitations, HTN, tachycardia
54
Glucagon Incompatabilites/Interactions
UNKNOWN
55
Glucagon Dose (ad and ped)
Adult and Children over 20kg: 1 mg IM, may repeat in 7-10 mins Children <20kg: 0.5 mg IM or dose equivalent to 20-30 ug, may repeat in 7-10 mins
56
Hemostatic Agents Name/Class
Hemostatic Agents (Kaolin, Chitosan) Brand: Quikclot Class: Hemostatic agent

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