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Radiology BDS4 > Other Imaging Types > Flashcards

Other Imaging Types Flashcards

1
Q

why do you image the salivary glands

A

obstructions
dry mouth
swellings

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2
Q

why is ultrasound a good option for salivary imaging

A

glands are superficially positioned
can assess parenchymal pattern, vascularity, ductal dilatation or neoplastic masses
can give a sialagogue

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3
Q

what are the features of an ultrasound

A

no ionising radiation
high frequency sound waves
need coupling agent due to short wave length

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4
Q

what is the imaging protocol for obstructive disease

A

ultrasound
plain film
sialography

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5
Q

what are the features of obstructive disease

A

meal time symptoms
prandial swelling and pain
rush of saliva into mouth
bad taste
thick saliva
dry mouth

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6
Q

what is the aetiology of obstructive disease

A

sialolith or mucous plug

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7
Q

what gland are most sialoliths associated with

A

submandibular gland

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8
Q

what is the process of sialography

A

find duct orifice
widen duct to place cannula
inject contrast and take radiographs

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9
Q

what are the indications for sialography

A

looking for obstruction or stricture of salivary duct which could be leading meal time symptoms
planning for access for interventional procedures

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10
Q

what are the risks of sialography

A

discomfort
swelling
infection
allergy to contrast

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11
Q

what would a normal parotid gland look like on sialography

A

tree in winter

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12
Q

what would a normal submandibular gland look like on sialography

A

bush in winter

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13
Q

what would sialography look like if there were acinar changes

A

snow storm

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14
Q

when do you take images for sialography

A

with cannula in place for contrast phase
emptying phase with time delay

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15
Q

what technical considerations are there for sialography

A

contrast into oral cavity
air bubbles in tubing
over-filling

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16
Q

what is the selection criteria for stone removal

A

stone must be mobile
stone should be located within lumen on main duct distal to posterior border or mylohyoid
stone should be distal to hilum or at anterior border of parotid gland
duct should be patent and wide to allow passage of stone

17
Q

what do you look for on a radiograph with dry mouth

A

atrophy
heterogenous parenchymal pattern
hypoechoic
fatty infiltration

18
Q

if the gland is neoplastic what tests are needed

A

fine needle aspiration for cytopathological diagnosis
core biopsy for tissue histopathological diagnosis

19
Q

what would a benign lesion look like

A

well defined
encapsulated
peripheral vascularity
no lymphadenopathy

20
Q

what would a malignant lesion look like

A

irregular margins
poorly defined
increased/tortuous internal vascularity
lymphadenopathy

21
Q

what is an MRI useful for

A

pre-surgical assessment and deep margins on lesions that may not be seen on ultrasound
do before biopsy

22
Q

when would an MRI be considered

A

further investigations like vascular lesions or lesions too large to see on ultrasound

23
Q

what is used for bony imaging

A

CBCT or CT
MRI for marrow changes

24
Q

what are the features of CBCT

A

low dose multi-planar imaging
images made from isotropic voxels
cone shaped beam
low dose
poor soft tissue contrast
radiographic contrast no required
patient sitting up/standing

25
Q

what are the features of a CT

A

fan shaped beam
high dose
good soft tissue contrast
radiographic contrast can be used if indicated
patient lying flat

26
Q

when would CBCT be used in dental setting

A

MRONJ/ORN
osteomyelitis
odontogenic lesions

27
Q

would you need imaging for myofascial TMJ issues

A

no

28
Q

what imaging is used for internal derangement of TMJ

A

MRI
ultrasound as alternative

29
Q

what imaging is used for degenerative TMJ

A

CBCT

30
Q

what views do you need for internal derangement of TMJ

A

para-sagittal and para-coronal

31
Q

what images are used for cross-sectional imaging for head and neck cancer

A

CT and MRI

32
Q

what are the features of MRI

A

no radiation dose
long time

33
Q

what are the contraindications to MRI

A

pacemakers
cochlear implants
claustrophobia

34
Q

what is MRI good for assessing regarding cancer

A

perineural spread
bone invasion via bone marrow changes
soft tissue characteristics of lesions

35
Q

what is a PET scan

A

radioactive fluorine injection going to metabolically active tissues making it easy to look at unknown primary tumours

Radiology BDS4 (4 decks)

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