Other Important Stuff

Question 1

Define denaturation

Answer 1

Conversion of double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA

Question 2

Define annealing

Answer 2

Conversion of single-stranded DNA to double-stranded DNA

Question 3

What is the concentration of K+ in cytosol?

Answer 3

140 mM

Question 4

What is the concentration of Na+ in cytosol?

Answer 4

12 mM

Question 5

What is the concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid?

Answer 5

4 mM

Question 6

What is the concentration of Na+ in extracellular fluid?

Answer 6

145 mM

Question 7

What does the Na+K+ATPase transport?

Answer 7

3 Na+ outside and 2 K+ into the cell

Question 8

Describe acetic acid

Answer 8

2 carbons

Question 9

Describe capric acid

Answer 9

10 carbons

Question 10

Describe lauric acid

Answer 10

12 carbons

Question 11

Describe palmitic acid

Answer 11

16 carbons

Question 12

Describe stearic acid

Answer 12

18 carbons

Question 13

Describe palmitoleic acid

Answer 13

16 carbons with a double bond at C9

Question 14

Describe oleic acid

Answer 14

18 carbons with a double bond at C9

Question 15

Describe linoleic acid

Answer 15

18 carbons with double bonds at C9 and C12

Question 16

Describe gamma-linoleic acid

Answer 16

18 carbons with double bonds at C6, C9, and C12

Question 17

Describe alpha-linoleic acid

Answer 17

18 carbons with double bonds at C9, C12, and C15

Question 18

What can inhibit the proton pump?

Answer 18

Cyanide (CN-)

Question 19

What does adding cyanide to E. coli cause?

Answer 19

Proton pump will be inhibited, so lactose transport will stop

Question 20

What is the sodium-potassium pump used for?

Answer 20

Electrical signalling in neurons

Question 21

What type of system is the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger?

Answer 21

Obligatory co-transport

Question 22

What type of process occurs in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger?

Answer 22

Antiport

Question 23

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside backbone?

Answer 23

Nucleotide has a phosphate group attached to the CH2, while nucleoside does not

Question 24

What does it mean when a nucleobase has “ylate” at the end of its name?

Answer 24

It has a nucleotide backbone attached to it

Question 25

What does it mean when a nucleobase has "sine" at the end of its name?

Answer 25

It has a nucleoside backbone attached to it

Question 26

What is the difference between a nucleotide base and deoxynucleotide base?

Answer 26

Deoxynucleotide has an H instead of an OH on the bottom right carbon

Question 27

What types of backbones can adenine be attached to?

Answer 27

- Nucleotide - Nucleoside - Deoxynucleotide - Deoxynucleoside

Question 28

What types of backbones can guanine be attached to?

Answer 28

- Nucleotide - Nucleoside - Deoxynucleotide - Deoxynucleoside

Question 29

What types of backbones can cytosine be attached to?

Answer 29

- Nucleotide - Nucleoside - Deoxynucleotide - Deoxynucleoside

Question 30

What types of backbones can thymine be attached to?

Answer 30

- Deoxynucleotide | - Deoxynucleoside

Question 31

What types of backbones can uracil be attached to?

Answer 31

- Nucleotide | - Nucleoside

Question 32

What does trypsin cleave after?

Answer 32

Lysine and arginine

Question 33

What does chymotrpysin cleave after?

Answer 33

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan

Question 34

What does cyanogen bromide cleave after?

Answer 34

Methionine