Other Major Blood Groups

Question 1

What genes are prevalent in the Lewis System?

Answer 1

Lewis (Le)
Secretor (Se)

Question 2

What are Lewis Antigens produced by?

Answer 2

Tissue cells
Found in Plasma/Body secretions

Question 3

What adds the L-Fuc to the Type 1 precursor?

Answer 3

Se gene

Question 4

What adds the L-Fuc to the type 2 precursor?

Answer 4

H gene

Question 5

What is secreted by Le(a+b-)?

Answer 5

Lea Antigen

Question 6

What secretes A, B, H substances, and is known at the “True Lewis”?

Answer 6

Le(a-b+)

Question 7

Where do we see a phenotype of Le(a-b-)?

Answer 7

Newborn
Cord blood

Question 8

When is Lewis detectable and when does the phenotype officially show?

Answer 8

Detectable at 10 days of life
Phenotype appears in 6-7 years

Question 9

When can the Lewis antigen dramatically decline?

Answer 9

Pregnancy

Question 10

What is the biological significance of Lewis?

Answer 10

Peptic Ulcers
Helicobacter Pylori

Question 11

Where do we find the M and N antigens?

Answer 11

Glycophorin A (GPA)
Positions 1 and 5

Question 12

Where do we find the S and s antigens?

Answer 12

Glycophorin B (GPB)

Question 13

What can Anti-S and anti-s cause when binding with complement?

Answer 13

Severe Hemolytic Transfusion
HDFN

Question 14

What can Anti-U cause when it reacts at 37C and binds complement?

Answer 14

Severe Hemolytic Transfusion
HDFN

Question 15

What can easily destroy MNS antigens?

Answer 15

Ficin
Papain
Bromelin
Trypsin (Not S & s)
Chymptrypsin (Not M & N)

Question 16

What is synthesized by the sequential action of Glycosyltransferases?

Answer 16

Antigens

Question 17

What is a common precursor for the P/Globoside Blood group system?

Answer 17

Lactosylceramide

Question 18

What is the most common antigen in the P blood group system?

Answer 18

P1 Antigen

Question 19

What can inhibit P1?

Answer 19

In(lu) type Lu(a-b-)
Rare dominant

Question 20

What can Anti-P1 cause when it reacts at 37C?

Answer 20

Immediate/Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion

Question 21

What is another name for Anti-P?

Answer 21

Donath-Landsteiner (IgG)
Powerful Biphasic Hemolysin

Question 22

What disease is associated with P and Globoside blood group system?

Answer 22

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)
E. coli

Question 23

What can experience a transient episode of acute abrupt hemolysis?

Answer 23

Anti-I

Question 24

What are the Kell system antigens?

Answer 24

Kpa
Kpb
Jsa
Jsb

Question 25

What is a rare silent gene (amorph) referred to as the Kell-null phenotype?

Answer 25

K0

Question 26

Where is the XK gene responsible for Kx protein located?

Answer 26

X chromosome

Question 27

How is Kx protein linked to the Kell glycoprotein?

Answer 27

Covalently linked

Question 28

What is the third most clinically significant antibody?

Answer 28

Anti-K Detected at 37C and AHG phase

Question 29

Who discovered the weak expression of k, Kpb, and Jsb and what method was used?

Answer 29

Allen and coworkers in 1961 Adsorption-Elution methods

Question 30

What can invade red cells because of the role that the Fy gene plays?

Answer 30

Plasmodium Vivax

Question 31

What phenotype is resistant to malaria?

Answer 31

Fy(a-b-) Lack of the Fy6 receptor

Question 32

What is well developed at birth and can be destroyed by enzymes like ficin, papain, and bromelin?

Answer 32

Fya and Fyb antigens

Question 33

What is Duffy not destroyed by?

Answer 33

Neuraminidase Purified Trypsin

Question 34

What are RBC’s that are Jk(a-b-) resistant to?

Answer 34

2M Urea

Question 35

What enzymes can destroy Kidd antigens?

Answer 35

NONE

Question 36

What is clinically significant about Kidd antibodies?

Answer 36

Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Question 37

What are the different methods the Lutheran Null Phenotype (a-b-) come about?

Answer 37

Dominant InLu suppressor gene Recessive LuLu gene Recessive X-linked gene

Question 38

What does Anti-Lua display during testing?

Answer 38

Loose, mixed field reaction during in vitro testing